From indianexpress.com
Medicines and diet in diabetes: Constantly fluctuating sugar levels increase the risk of nerve damage, kidney strain, and more rapid fat build-up in the liver
When food choices are not controlled, the body faces repeated spikes in blood sugar, even if medicines are working. So, when a Quora user asked, ‘What really happens when someone with diabetes ignores dietary advice but continues taking medicines and working out?’, we reached out to an expert.
“Exercise helps, but it can’t completely offset the impact of frequent high-carb meals, sugary snacks, or large portions. Over time, the pancreas has to work harder, and medications become less effective. Many people think they are ‘doing enough’ by taking their pills and going for a walk, but unplanned eating quietly raises sugar levels throughout the day,” said Dr Vijay Negalur, HoD-diabetology, KIMS Hospitals, Thane.
Medicines help the body use insulin more effectively and lower glucose levels, but “they can’t handle sudden spikes caused by heavy meals or desserts”, explained Dr Negalur. “Exercise improves sensitivity to insulin, but this effect lasts only a few hours. When someone continues to eat freely, the body struggles to maintain balance. Uncontrolled food intake leads to higher fasting sugar, higher post-meal sugar, and eventually increases the need for stronger medication,” said Dr Negalur.
What long-term problems can arise from ignoring food guidelines?
The expert explained that constantly fluctuating sugar levels increase the risk of nerve damage, kidney strain, and more rapid fat build-up in the liver. “Weight gain becomes harder to control, and cholesterol levels may rise. Many people also start to feel tired, have brain fog, experience slow wound healing, and have disturbed sleep. The biggest concern is that poor eating habits can push the condition from controlled diabetes to uncontrolled diabetes, even if medicines are taken on time,” said Dr Negalur.
Are there any benefits to following dietary guidance even when someone already exercises?
Yes. Eating a balanced diet helps medicine work better, keeps energy levels consistent throughout the day, and prevents sugar swings.
“Small changes, like reducing refined carbs, keeping portion sizes steady, or adding foods high in fibre, can greatly improve sugar control. It also boosts the benefits of workouts, helping the body burn fat more effectively,” said Dr Negalur.
What should people keep in mind if they tend to “eat freely”?
Being aware of portion sizes is more important than giving up foods entirely. “Planning meals, reading labels, and limiting sugary extras can make a noticeable difference. Even a few mindful choices each day can protect the body from long-term complications and make diabetes easier to manage,” said Dr Negalur.
DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.
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