Tuesday, 17 June 2025

3 early warning signs your body is becoming diabetic

From rollingout.com

Hidden symptoms appear before diagnosis reveals dangerous truth 

The human body sends subtle distress signals long before diabetes officially develops, but millions of people miss these crucial warning signs until irreversible damage has already occurred. Understanding these early indicators can mean the difference between preventing diabetes altogether and managing a lifelong chronic condition that affects every aspect of daily life.

What makes these warning signs particularly dangerous is their deceptive nature. Many people dismiss these symptoms as normal signs of aging, stress, or busy lifestyles, allowing the underlying condition to progress unchecked. The body’s attempts to communicate its struggle with rising blood sugar levels often go unrecognized until a medical crisis forces the issue into the open.

The progression from normal blood sugar levels to full-blown diabetes doesn’t happen overnight. This gradual development creates a critical window of opportunity where intervention can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes. Recognizing the body’s early warning system becomes essential for anyone concerned about their long-term health and quality of life.

                                                                      Photo credit: Shutterstock.com / Dmytro Zinkevych

1. Excessive thirst and frequent urination become constant companions

The first and most telling sign that the body is struggling with blood sugar regulation manifests through dramatic changes in thirst and urination patterns. This isn’t the mild thirst experienced after exercise or during hot weather, but an overwhelming, persistent need for fluids that never seems satisfied no matter how much water is consumed.

The mechanism behind this excessive thirst reveals the body’s desperate attempt to manage rising blood sugar levels. When glucose levels in the blood become elevated, the kidneys work overtime to filter and remove the excess sugar through urine. This process requires significant amounts of water, leading to increased urination frequency that can occur every hour or even more frequently.

The constant loss of fluids through frequent urination triggers intense thirst as the body attempts to replace lost water and maintain proper hydration levels. This creates a cycle where drinking more fluids leads to even more frequent urination, which in turn increases thirst. Many people find themselves waking multiple times during the night to urinate, disrupting sleep patterns and affecting overall energy levels.

What makes this symptom particularly concerning is its progressive nature. The thirst and urination frequency gradually increase over weeks or months, making it easy to adapt to the changes without recognizing them as warning signs. People often rationalize these symptoms by attributing them to drinking more coffee, consuming certain medications, or simply getting older.

The quality of thirst also differs from normal thirst experiences. Instead of being satisfied after drinking fluids, the thirst returns quickly and feels more urgent than typical thirst sensations. Some people describe it as having a constantly dry mouth or feeling like they can never drink enough water to feel satisfied.

2. Unexplained fatigue drains energy despite adequate rest

The second major warning sign appears as persistent, overwhelming fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest or sleep. This isn’t the normal tiredness experienced after a busy day or poor night’s sleep, but rather a profound exhaustion that affects the ability to perform routine daily activities and seems to have no identifiable cause.

The connection between developing diabetes and extreme fatigue lies in the body’s inability to properly utilize glucose for energy. As blood sugar levels rise and the body’s cells become resistant to insulin, glucose cannot enter cells efficiently to provide the energy needed for normal function. This leaves cells essentially starving for fuel despite having abundant glucose circulating in the bloodstream.

The fatigue associated with developing diabetes often comes with additional characteristics that distinguish it from normal tiredness. Many people experience a heavy, weighted feeling in their limbs that makes simple tasks like climbing stairs or carrying groceries feel extraordinarily difficult. Mental fatigue accompanies physical exhaustion, making concentration and decision-making more challenging than usual.

Sleep quality often deteriorates as blood sugar fluctuations disrupt normal sleep patterns. Even when people manage to get what seems like adequate sleep, they wake feeling unrefreshed and struggle to maintain energy throughout the day. Afternoon energy crashes become more frequent and severe, often requiring naps or caffeine to maintain basic functionality.

The unpredictable nature of this fatigue makes it particularly disruptive to daily life. Energy levels can fluctuate dramatically throughout the day, with periods of relative normalcy followed by sudden crashes that make it impossible to complete planned activities. This inconsistency often leads people to blame external factors like stress, weather, or busy schedules rather than recognizing it as a potential health warning.

3. Increased hunger paired with unexpected weight changes

The third critical warning sign manifests as dramatic changes in appetite and eating patterns, often accompanied by unexpected weight fluctuations that seem to defy logic. This isn’t simply increased appetite due to physical activity or growth spurts, but rather an intense, persistent hunger that feels impossible to satisfy regardless of how much food is consumed.

The physiological basis for this increased hunger stems from the body’s cells being unable to access glucose for energy despite elevated blood sugar levels. When cells cannot properly utilize available glucose due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production, they send hunger signals to the brain requesting more fuel. This creates a frustrating cycle where eating more food provides temporary satisfaction but fails to address the underlying cellular energy shortage.

The type of hunger experienced during diabetes development often focuses on specific cravings, particularly for sugary or carbohydrate-rich foods. The body instinctively seeks quick sources of energy, leading to intense cravings for sweets, bread, pasta, and other high-carbohydrate foods. These cravings can feel overwhelming and difficult to resist, even for people who previously had good control over their eating habits.

Weight changes during diabetes development can be confusing and seemingly contradictory. Some people experience unexpected weight loss despite eating more food than usual, while others gain weight rapidly even when trying to maintain their normal eating patterns. The weight loss occurs because the body cannot properly utilize consumed calories, leading to the breakdown of muscle and fat tissue for energy.

Alternatively, weight gain may result from the body’s attempts to store excess glucose as fat, combined with increased caloric intake from constant hunger. The distribution of weight gain often occurs around the midsection, creating the characteristic abdominal weight gain associated with insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.

The timing of hunger also becomes abnormal, with people experiencing intense cravings at unusual times or finding themselves unable to feel satisfied after meals that would normally provide adequate fullness. Night eating becomes more common as blood sugar fluctuations trigger hunger signals during hours when appetite would typically be suppressed.

Understanding the progression timeline

These three warning signs rarely appear simultaneously but tend to develop in a progressive pattern over months or years. The subtle onset makes it easy to dismiss individual symptoms as unrelated issues rather than recognizing them as components of a developing metabolic disorder.

The progression typically begins with mild increases in thirst and urination frequency that people often attribute to environmental factors, medication changes, or lifestyle modifications. As the underlying blood sugar regulation becomes more impaired, these symptoms intensify while fatigue begins to emerge as a noticeable problem.

The timeline for symptom development varies significantly among individuals, influenced by factors such as genetics, lifestyle, body weight, and overall health status. Some people may notice dramatic changes over a few months, while others experience gradual progression over several years before symptoms become impossible to ignore.

Age plays a significant role in both symptom recognition and progression speed. Younger individuals may experience more rapid symptom development but are also more likely to dismiss symptoms as temporary issues. Older adults may attribute symptoms to normal aging processes, delaying recognition of the underlying metabolic changes.

Risk factors amplify warning sign significance

Certain risk factors make the appearance of these warning signs more significant and concerning. Family history of diabetes increases the likelihood that these symptoms represent developing diabetes rather than other health issues. People with parents, siblings, or other close relatives with diabetes should pay particular attention to any combination of these warning signs.

Excess body weight, particularly abdominal weight gain, significantly increases the risk that these symptoms indicate developing diabetes. The distribution of body fat affects insulin sensitivity, with abdominal fat being particularly problematic for blood sugar regulation. Even modest weight gain in the abdominal area can contribute to insulin resistance and the development of these warning signs.

Sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary habits create additional risk factors that make these warning signs more concerning. Regular physical inactivity reduces the body’s ability to utilize glucose effectively, while diets high in processed foods and added sugars place additional stress on blood sugar regulation systems.

Age represents another significant risk factor, with diabetes risk increasing substantially after age 45. However, the condition is increasingly diagnosed in younger individuals, making age-related assumptions about symptom significance potentially dangerous for people in their twenties, thirties, and forties.

The hidden danger of symptom adaptation

One of the most dangerous aspects of these warning signs is the human body’s remarkable ability to adapt to gradual changes. As symptoms develop slowly over time, people unconsciously adjust their expectations and behaviours to accommodate the changes without recognising them as abnormal.

The gradual nature of symptom progression allows people to rationalize each change as they occur. Increased thirst gets attributed to weather changes or increased coffee consumption. Fatigue becomes explained by busy schedules or poor sleep habits. Increased hunger seems normal given stress levels or activity changes.

This adaptation process prevents many people from seeking medical evaluation until symptoms become severe enough to significantly impact daily functioning. By this point, blood sugar levels may have been elevated for months or years, potentially causing damage to blood vessels, nerves, and organs that could have been prevented with earlier intervention.

The normalization of symptoms also affects communication with healthcare providers. During routine medical visits, people may not mention these changes because they’ve become accustomed to them or don’t perceive them as medically significant. This can delay diagnosis even when regular medical care is being received.

Early intervention opportunities

Recognizing these warning signs creates valuable opportunities for intervention that can prevent or delay the development of full-blown diabetes. Lifestyle modifications implemented during this early stage can often restore normal blood sugar regulation and eliminate symptoms entirely.

Dietary changes focusing on reducing refined carbohydrates and added sugars can significantly improve blood sugar control and reduce symptom severity. Emphasizing whole foods, lean proteins, and high-fibre carbohydrates helps stabilize blood sugar levels and reduce the stress on insulin-producing cells.

Regular physical activity provides one of the most effective interventions for improving blood sugar regulation. Even modest increases in daily activity, such as taking regular walks or using stairs instead of elevators, can enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization by muscle cells.

Weight management becomes particularly important for people experiencing these warning signs, especially when excess abdominal weight is present. Even modest weight loss of 5-10% of body weight can significantly improve blood sugar control and reduce diabetes risk.

Medical evaluation importance

While lifestyle modifications can be highly effective during the early stages of diabetes development, medical evaluation remains essential for proper diagnosis and monitoring. Blood tests can detect elevated glucose levels and insulin resistance before symptoms become severe, allowing for more targeted intervention strategies.

Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels provides valuable information about cardiovascular risk and overall metabolic health. These measurements can guide treatment decisions and help track the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions over time.

Medical evaluation also helps rule out other conditions that might cause similar symptoms. Thyroid disorders, kidney problems, and certain medications can produce symptoms that mimic early diabetes signs, making professional medical assessment important for accurate diagnosis.

The timing of medical evaluation becomes crucial when these warning signs appear. Waiting for symptoms to worsen or hoping they will resolve spontaneously can result in missed opportunities for prevention and early intervention that could preserve long-term health and quality of life.

Long-term implications of early recognition

Understanding and responding to these early warning signs can have profound implications for long-term health outcomes. People who recognize and address these symptoms during the early stages often avoid the serious complications associated with established diabetes, including heart disease, kidney damage, nerve problems, and vision loss.

The quality of life differences between preventing diabetes and managing established diabetes are substantial. Prevention eliminates the need for daily blood sugar monitoring, medication management, and the constant awareness of dietary choices that characterizes life with diabetes.

Early intervention also provides economic benefits, as the costs associated with diabetes prevention are significantly lower than the expenses related to diabetes management and complication treatment. The financial impact of diabetes extends beyond medical costs to include lost productivity and reduced earning potential.

The psychological benefits of preventing diabetes rather than managing it cannot be understated. The stress, anxiety, and lifestyle restrictions associated with diabetes management can significantly impact mental health and overall life satisfaction, making early intervention efforts particularly valuable.

Recognizing these three warning signs—excessive thirst and urination, unexplained fatigue, and increased hunger with weight changes—provides a crucial opportunity to take control of health before diabetes becomes established. The body’s early warning system offers a chance to prevent a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide, but only for those who understand what to look for and take appropriate action when these signs appear.

https://rollingout.com/2025/06/15/3-signs-your-body-is-becoming-diabetic/

The silent start of type 1 diabetes: what it's like to be diagnosed (UK)

From diabetes.org.uk

Lucy, our Head of Research Impact and Communications, shares the moment she was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. And how research has revealed that her journey with type 1 began long before any symptoms appeared. 

It was September 2008. I was in University College Hospital in London, having just been told I had type 1 diabetes, crying and contemplating a life with a serious, chronic health condition.

The consultant, in a well-meaning attempt to reassure me, told me an untruth: “Oh, it’s just like brushing your teeth, something routine you have to do.”

But nothing about it felt routine. In fact, everything felt terrifying. Looking back, the warning signs were there. I had been losing weight and feeling constantly exhausted, symptoms I put down to the stress of recently finishing my PhD. But it was the unquenchable thirst that rang alarm bells – never before had I woken in the night to down pints of water, or obsessed on my commute about the range of drinks I would consume when I reached the office.  

I knew my diagnosis was a turning point. What I hadn’t realised was that my type 1 diabetes journey hadn’t started that September. It had begun months and likely years before I experienced any symptoms.


The hidden beginning

We know that people aren’t born with type 1 diabetes, but carrying certain genes can put you at increased risk of developing the condition.

These genes don’t give you type 1 diabetes, but they greatly enhance your chances of developing it. And it’s the combination of genetic risk and an environmental trigger (or triggers), such as a viral infection, that’s thought to set off the immune system’s attack on insulin-making beta cells in the pancreas.

As this autoimmune attack becomes established, proteins called autoantibodies are released that mark beta cells for destruction. Slowly and silently these cells are picked off until one day there’s not enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels in check and symptoms develop. By then, the damage is done.

A new understanding of the early stages of type 1 diabetes

Today, we call this symptomless phase - the months and years when beta cells are being attacked and in decline, but the body is still able to produce enough insulin - “early-stage type 1 diabetes”.

It’s now possible to tell if someone has early-stage type 1 diabetes by looking in their blood for autoantibodies – those proteins that mark beta cells up for destruction.

A simple blood test will reveal if and how many type 1 diabetes autoantibodies someone has. Decades of research on children have shown that individuals with two or more autoantibodies and no symptoms are almost certain to develop the full-blown condition in their lifetime. In other words, they already have type 1 diabetes - they just don’t know it yet.

Why it matters

Fast forward 17 years, and research has advanced so much that my story could have been very different today.

Now, you can get tested for type 1 diabetes autoantibodies via screening studies like ELSA and T1DRA. People who are positive for two or more will receive the support needed to prepare for a life with type 1 diabetes. They will be monitored closely, may start insulin treatment earlier, and avoid a sudden, emergency diagnosis.  

Some might also receive an immunotherapy as part of a clinical trial – treatments designed to re-train the immune system to stop attacking beta cells. This could allow them to continue producing some of their own insulin for longer, buying valuable time.  

With research progressing so rapidly, we’re moving towards a future where it might be possible to prevent the complete destruction of beta cells altogether – enabling people to keep producing enough of their own insulin for the rest of their days, effectively stopping type 1 diabetes before it fully takes hold.   

And for me? If these research advances had come sooner, maybe I wouldn’t have spent the last 17 years on a relentless treadmill of blood sugar checks, insulin doses, hypos (low blood sugar) and hypers (high blood sugar), and 24/7 self-management. Maybe life would feel a little lighter without the worry of long-term complications. Maybe having type 1 would be as easy as brushing my teeth.  

Hope for the future

I’m privileged to work at Diabetes UK, where we are committed to turning these “maybes” into realities, and to transforming the early management of type 1 diabetes.  

That’s why we’re funding cutting-edge research into:

  • Screening programmes to find everyone with early-stage type 1 diabetes before symptoms emerge.
  • Effective ways to monitor and support people with type 1 diabetes autoantibodies so they’re not facing the journey alone, and don’t end up needing emergency care.
  • Immunotherapies to delay or prevent the full onset of type 1 diabetes.

We’re also working with the NHS to make sure that breakthroughs are translated into clinical practice and benefiting people as quickly as possible. We're excited for a future where early detection and treatment are standard, and to the day when type 1 diabetes can be prevented altogether.

https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about-us/news-and-views/silent-start-type-1-diabetes 

Monday, 16 June 2025

How the Pancreas Affects Blood Glucose Levels With Diabetes

From chicagocrusader.com 

Learn about the organ’s role in producing insulin and managing blood sugar.

Nearly 16% of US adults over age 20 have diabetes, making it one of the most common chronic conditions in the country. If you fall into that category (or are at risk for entering it soon), you’re likely familiar with the importance of blood sugar and insulin in managing this disease. But what about the pancreas, and the role it plays in diabetes?

The functioning of this organ affects your ability to stabilize your blood sugar, digest your meals, and absorb key nutrients from your food. The health of your pancreas impacts not just your risk of developing diabetes or your ability to manage it, but the well-being of your entire body, too.

So how does pancreatic function become impaired to the point that it leads to diabetes, and is there anything you can do to keep your pancreas healthy? Our experts explain.


What Is the Pancreas?

The pancreas is a fatty organ that sits behind the stomach, explains Disha Narang, M.D., an endocrinologist and the director of obesity medicine at Endeavor Health in Skokie, IL. It’s about six inches long and pear-like in shape, with the “head” at the wide end typically pointing to the right side of the body and the thinner “tail” pointing left.

“The pancreas’s main function is hormone secretion. It releases a combination of insulin and glucagon [to regulate blood sugar] and digestive hormones [to break down food],” explains Dr. Narang.

Though a single organ, the pancreas is often referred to as having two distinct parts with separate functions. The exocrine pancreas makes up roughly 85% of the organ’s tissue and produces enzymes that are released into the small intestine, where they break down protein, carbohydrates, and fat; the endocrine pancreas is made up of a cluster of cells known as islets of Langerhans and produces hormones that raise and lower blood sugar, explains Caroline Messer, M.D., a clinical assistant professor of endocrinology at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City and the founder of the metabolic health and wellness practice Well By Messer.

How the Pancreas Regulates Blood Sugar

The pancreas’s ability to regulate blood sugar (glucose) relies on the production of two hormones: glucagon and insulin. “There are receptors on the cells in the pancreas that sense the glucose levels [in the blood],” Dr. Messer explains. “When everything’s working well, rising glucose levels trigger pancreatic beta cells to release insulin.” Insulin is a hormone that allows the body’s cells to absorb glucose, thereby lowering levels in the blood.

https://chicagocrusader.com/how-the-pancreas-affects-blood-glucose-levels-with-diabetes-2/

6 Best Drinks to Help Lower Your Blood Sugar Levels

From eatingwell.com 

It's not only food that impacts your blood sugar levels—drinks can benefit you too!

It's not just what you eat that makes a difference in your blood sugar levels—what you drink does too. When you're looking to lower your blood sugar, it may be obvious to avoid sugar-sweetened drinks, such as soda, fruit juice blends, lemonade and sweet tea, but other drinks go the extra mile by impacting your metabolic function in positive ways. Here are six smart blood-sugar-friendly sips.

1. Water

It's tough to argue with water since it's calorie-free. But it also provides something important for blood sugar control: hydration. Drinking plain water is linked to a 6% lower risk of type 2 diabetes.

The association is even more powerful when people switch from drinking sugar-sweetened beverages (such as soda) to plain water, since this decreases sugar and calorie intake, helping people maintain a healthy weight, which ultimately helps with blood sugar control. Not into plain H20? Try this Strawberry, Basil & Lime Infused Water.

2. Coffee

Whether you take your cup caffeinated or decaf, studies show that drinking coffee regularly may be associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Why? Plant compounds, called phytochemicals, in coffee may support the health of cells in the liver and pancreas, which protects against the development of fatty liver and preserves insulin function (a key regulator of blood sugar).

One thing to keep in mind: What you put in your coffee matters. You'll lose the potential blood sugar benefits if your coffee is a sugar bomb, which is common in flavoured lattes and iced coffee drinks. If you don't like your coffee black, use the dietitian-approved trick to brew your grounds with a few shakes of cinnamon.

3. Black Tea

Not a coffee drinker? Go for tea. It, too, is a drink associated with a lower risk of diabetes and complications from diabetes. Tea compounds help improve insulin resistance and decrease oxidative stress and inflammation. The researchers even say these tea components could be developed into products that could one day help manage diabetes.

Most research is done on black and oolong tea (as well as green tea, more on that below!), so opt for those varietals if you aim to lower your blood sugar. And, just like with coffee, limit adding sugar (including honey). If black tea tastes too bitter, going for tea blends, such as chai (with no sugar added), is a good option. Or for a zero-calorie drink with no sugar, so it remains a good pick for stable blood sugar levels, try this diabetes-friendly No-Sugar-Added Raspberry Iced Tea, which is made with black tea.

4. Green Tea

If you prefer the taste (or lower caffeine content) of green tea, then it's time to brew up a steaming cup. Consuming green tea has been shown to slightly lower fasting blood glucose levels. Tea's catechins may block some absorption of carbohydrates during digestion, may also improve glucose metabolism, and can lessen oxidative stress, all of which may help bring down your blood sugar.

One caveat? Not all research shows promising results: one study did not find that green tea positively affected fasting blood glucose or other blood sugar markers in people with type 2 diabetes. That said, green tea is still a zero-calorie drink with no sugar, so it remains a good pick for stable blood sugar levels.

5. Milk

Though milk alternatives may be trendy, the proteins in dairy may help lower blood glucose response after eating a meal. These proteins, including casein and whey, slow digestion and improve insulin response, thereby having a positive effect on blood sugar levels.

Overall, though, more research needs to be done to see how milk consumption might affect A1C levels. The American Diabetes Association recommends choosing non-fat or low-fat milk (which keeps saturated fat in check). Also, milk contains carbohydrates—about 12 grams of carbs per 1 cup of 1% milk—so make sure you count this in your carb goal for your meal or snack if you have diabetes.

6. Tomato Juice

For a blood-sugar-friendly drink with lots of flavour, sip on tomato juice. In a small study evaluating 25 healthy women, those who drank about 7 ounces of tomato juice 30 minutes prior to eating a carbohydrate-rich breakfast experienced a lower blood sugar level after the meal compared to pre-drinking with water. This was even though the tomato juice added extra calories. The fibre in tomatoes may help slow digestion, thus slowing the rise of blood sugar occurring after eating.

Fancy up your tomato juice by adding a celery spear to your glass. And if you want to make a blender veggie juice, try this Tomato-Vegetable Juice.

Other Tips to Manage Your Blood Sugar Levels

In addition to choosing beverages that help lower blood sugar, you'll also want to follow these tips:

  • Eat meals and snacks regularly, since going too long between meals can cause your blood sugar to dip.
  • Keep up an exercise routine. Your muscles soak up glucose (blood sugar) when you're moving. Walking is an ace at lowering your blood sugar, especially if you do it after meals.
  • Eat balanced, properly portioned meals. Consuming carbohydrate-rich foods on their own can spike your blood sugar. Eating that same food with healthy sources of proteins and fats lessens your blood sugar response.

Our Expert Take

The best drink to sip for blood sugar management is water. But you can drink more than just H2O. Try coffee, black or green tea or even milk. If you want to get fancy, a small glass of tomato juice will do, too. Just make sure you count the carbohydrates in any beverage for that meal to make sure you stay on track. Bottoms up!

https://www.eatingwell.com/best-drinks-to-lower-blood-sugar-levels-11754607

Sunday, 15 June 2025

Grocery Shopping with Diabetes: Foods to Love and Foods to Avoid

From hackensackmeridianhealth.org

If you're living with diabetes, a trip to the grocery store can feel like walking through a maze. With flashy labels like “low sugar,” “keto-friendly” or “natural,” it's hard to know what’s actually good for your blood sugar versus what might send it soaring.

Here’s the good news: grocery shopping doesn’t have to be stressful. With a little guidance and a smart plan, you can fill your cart with foods that help you feel full, energized and in control of your health. 

We asked Sonal Pathak, M.D., an endocrinologist at Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, to share advice for navigating the grocery store with diabetes. Her first tip? Using the “plate method” for proper portion sizes:

  • ½ plate: Non-starchy veggies 
  • ¼ plate: Starchy veggies or other carbs
  • ¼ plate: Protein 

With that foundational tip in mind, here’s what to look for as you head to the grocery store. Use this as a guide so you can fill your plate with proper portions.


Vegetables: The Health Benefits Vary  

Not all vegetables are created equal – especially when it comes to managing blood sugar. Some veggies are low in carbohydrates and have very little effect on blood sugar (non-starchy veggies), while others are naturally higher in starch (starchy veggies) – a type of carbohydrate – which means they can raise blood glucose more quickly.

Understanding the difference between non-starchy and starchy vegetables can help people with diabetes plan smarter meals and control their blood sugar better.

“Carbohydrates are what cause blood sugar to rise,” says Dr. Pathak. “Non-starchy vegetables are low in carbs, so they’re very diabetes-friendly. Starchy vegetables can still be part of a healthy diet, but in the right portions.”

Veggies to love


Load up on vegetables that are high in fibre and nutrients but low in carbs and calories. They can be eaten freely and make a great base for any meal. 

As you go grocery shopping, fill your cart up with:

  • Bell peppers
  • Broccoli and cauliflower
  • Cucumbers
  • Green beans
  • Leafy greens (spinach, kale, romaine)
  • Mushrooms
  • Tomatoes
  • Zucchini

 Veggies to limit

Since these veggies have a greater impact on blood sugar, watch portions and pair them with lean protein or healthy fats to slow the sugar spike. 

Examples include:

  • Corn
  • Green peas
  • Parsnips
  • Plantains
  • Potatoes and sweet potatoes
  • Winter squash (butternut, acorn)
  • Yucca


“These starchy vegetables should be treated like other carbs – like bread or rice,” explains Dr. Pathak. “If you're eating them, avoid having other carbs at the same meal.”

Fruit: Healthy, But Sugar Still Counts   

Fruit is packed with fibre, vitamins and antioxidants, but it also contains natural sugars. For people watching their blood sugar or trying to reduce overall carb intake, some fruits are better choices than others. 

“Fruits contain natural sugar, called fructose, which still gets converted to glucose in your body,” says Dr. Pathak. “Enjoy fruit, but don’t overdo it.”

Fruits to love

  • Apples (with the peel)
  • Berries (strawberries, raspberries, blueberries)
  • Citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruit)
  • Kiwi
  • Pears

Fruits to limit

  • Bananas
  • Dried fruits and fruit juices
  • Grapes
  • Mangoes
  • Pineapple

Tip: If you’re craving fruit, pair it with a protein or fat – like a small piece of cheese. This helps slow the sugar spike.

Grains: Go for Whole and Unprocessed   

Whole grains provide fibre, which slows down how quickly your body absorbs sugar. But not all grains are created equal – highly processed carbs can cause blood sugar spikes.

“Whole grains have more fibre and take longer to digest, which helps keep blood sugar stable,” says Dr. Pathak.

Grains to love

  • Barley
  • Brown rice
  • Quinoa
  • Steel-cut oats
  • Whole grain bread (look for 100% whole wheat)

Grains to limit

  • Breakfast cereals (even ‘healthy’ or ‘granola’ types)
  • Flavoured oatmeal packets
  • Pasta made with white flour
  • White bread
  • White rice


“Many cereals are marketed as healthy, but they’re often full of sugar and highly processed,” Dr. Pathak warns. “And if you want oatmeal, choose plain and flavour it yourself with cinnamon or nuts.”  

Proteins: Choose Lean and Clean 

Protein helps stabilise blood sugar and keeps you full. Opt for lean, minimally processed sources and avoid fatty or heavily breaded meats.

Protein to love

  • Eggs or egg whites
  • Fish (especially fatty fish like salmon or sardines)
  • Skinless chicken and turkey
  • Tofu and tempeh

Protein to limit

  • Fried meats
  • Full-fat dairy
  • Processed meats (sausage, bacon, deli meats)

Dairy: Don’t Let Fat-Free Fool You  

People are often surprised to learn that many dairy products contain sugar – sometimes in large amounts. For example, all dairy milk – even skim – has about 12 grams of sugar per cup.

“That means one cup of milk is equal to one slice of bread,” says Dr. Pathak.

“So, milk should be counted as a carb.”

Choosing plain, low-fat or unsweetened versions can help support blood sugar balance and heart health.

Dairy to love

  • Low-fat cottage cheese
  • Low-fat or fat-free milk
  • Plain Greek yogurt (unsweetened)
  • Reduced-fat cheese in moderation
  • Unsweetened plant-based milks (like almond, soy or oat)

Dairy to limit

  • Cream and half-and-half
  • Flavoured yogurts with added sugar
  • Full-fat dairy (especially if you have high cholesterol)
  • Ice cream and dairy-based desserts
  • Sweetened plant-based milks (like vanilla almond or chocolate soy milk) 

Snacks: Smarter Options for Steady Energy 

Snacks can either support your health goals or sabotage them. Choose snacks that combine protein and fibre to keep energy levels steady and cravings in check.

Snacks to love

  • Apple slices with peanut butter
  • Cheese sticks
  • Hard-boiled eggs
  • Hummus with veggies
  • Nuts and seeds

“These snacks offer protein and fibre, so they keep you full and steady your blood sugar,” says Dr. Pathak.

Snacks to limit

  • Chips
  • Cookies
  • Crackers
  • Candy
  • Granola bars with added sugar

Final Takeaways: Don’t Be Fooled by Labels  

Always read the nutrition labels when grocery shopping. When it comes to products that say “keto,” “low sugar,” or “diabetic-friendly,” Dr. Pathak urges her patients to be careful.

“Marketing can be very misleading,” she says. “Look past the front of the package and read the nutrition label.”

Dr. Pathak also recommends to:

  • Check serving size first: Many labels list numbers for half a can or a third of a cup.
  • Look at total carbs, not just sugar: All carbs affect blood sugar.
  • Check the ingredients: Ignore misleading labels like “keto-friendly” or “low sugar.”
  • Watch for artificial sweeteners: They can still trigger insulin responses and increase hunger.

Eating well with diabetes isn’t about perfection – it’s about balance.

“If your diet feels too restrictive, you won’t stick with it,” says Dr. Pathak. “I always tell my patients: enjoy what you eat, just make smart choices and keep your portions in check.”

With the right know-how and a little practice, grocery shopping can go from stressful to empowering. By understanding your food choices and making smart swaps, you can nourish your body — and feel good about what’s on your plate.

https://www.hackensackmeridianhealth.org/en/healthu/2025/06/13/grocery-shopping-with-diabetes-foods-to-love-and-foods-to-avoid