Sure Signs You May Be Getting Diabetes, According to Doctors

From eatthis.com

Know the signs before yours gets out of control

Diabetes is one of the most deadly diseases in America—and yet if you don't have it, you think it might not happen to you. That said, there's no harm in knowing the signs you may be getting diabetes, according to doctors. "It's extremely important to know your risk for diabetes and to be screened for diabetes early if you are concerned over your risk. A simple blood test can tell you your risk," says Dr. Deena Adimoolam, a Yale-trained endocrinologist who specializes in diabetes, food as medicine and metabolic health. Read on for the 7 most worrying symptoms.

1

You May Have Excessive Thirst and Frequent Urination

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If you're developing diabetes, you may have polydipsia—increased thirst—or polyuria—frequent, excessive urination. These are very common, and it's all because of your kidneys. Your kidneys are the organs that filter and absorb glucose. When you have diabetes, you have excess glucose. "High levels of glucose function like a diuretic which leads to excess urination. This excess urination can then lead to extreme thirst and dehydration if you can't keep up with your fluid intake," says Dr. Adimoolam.

2

You May Always Feel Hungry

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It's natural to feel hungry after a long workout or having skipped breakfast. But diabetes may feel hungry for seemingly no reason—and find that food doesn't queel the pangs. There's actually a medical term for always feeling hungry when you have diabetes—it's called polyphagia. "Diabetes is defined by an issue with a hormone called insulin," says Dr. Adimoolam. "Insulin is important to allow glucose to enter into cells where it can be used for energy. In Type 1 Diabetes, there is a deficiency in insulin production. In Type 2 Diabetes the body is resistant to the effects of insulin (insulin resistance). Since this glucose cannot enter into cells to be used for energy, your body feels that you need more food for energy and you seek out food. But eating more won't help—what helps is taking medications to help get glucose back into cells to be used for energy."

3

You May Have Blurry Vision

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If you guessed blurry vision when you have diabetes was due to blood sugar issues, good job: you have been paying attention. Your eye lens swells when blood sugar levels are high, and body water is pulled into the lens. You may also have damage to the blood vessels in the retina; they can become weak and thin, and leak a fatty protein called exudate. This makes sight difficult.

4

You May Feel Very Tired

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When your blood glucose is uncontrolled, you may have hyperglycaemia—which can lead to nausea, fruity-smelling breath, shortness of breath and dry mouth—or high blood sugar, and feel a lack of energy. "Patients with diabetes are unable to make use of the high glucose levels in the body for energy—this is why they feel exhausted," says Dr. Adimoolam.

5

You May Find Your Cuts and Wounds Heal Slowly 

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A scrape or scratch is nothing to most people, but to diabetics, it can result in a serious issue, leading to infection. Diabetics have been known to get foot ulcers for example—wounds on the feet that may never heal. Why? There's a direct connection between blood glucose and healing. "In primary closure of surgical wounds in high-risk patients, poor glycemic control is significantly associated with worse outcomes," said the definitive study. "Every effort should be made to ensure tight control in both the chronic and subacute perioperative periods." "Chronic exposure to high glucose values leads to disease of the blood vessels (what we call 'vascular complications of diabetes')," says Dr. Adimoolam. "When blood vessels are damaged, there is limitation of the flow of blood to those specific areas of the body which leads to slow wound healing."

6

You May Have Numbness or Tingling in Your Hands or Feet

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You may have a numbness or tingling in your hands or feet due to diabetes. This is because of diabetic neuropathy, a nerve damage that can "affect as many as 50% of people with diabetes," say the doctors at the Mayo Clinic. You may also have pain or cramps. Or have proximal neuropathy (diabetic polyradiculopathy)—"This type of neuropathy — also called diabetic amyotrophy — often affects nerves in the thighs, hips, buttocks or legs. It can also affect the abdominal and chest area," says the clinic.

7

You May Have Patches of Dark Skin

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Patches of dark skin—called Acanthosis nigricans—can be a sign of diabetes or, far more rarely, certain cancers.you'll see the velvety folds usually in the creases of your skin—mainly of the back of ones neck and armpits. What causes them? Usually insulin resistance, which is why this is so common among diabetics. "Too much insulin stimulates an increase in the abnormal growth of these skin cells," says Dr. Adimoolam.

8

What to Do If You Have Any of the Symptoms Mentioned

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Watch for that symptom and the others mentioned here, and contact a medical professional if you experience any of them. "Some amount of physical activity everyday may help lower one's blood sugars and possibly prevent type 2 diabetes," says Dr. Adimoolam. "Daily activity may even help with weight loss and improving your heart's health."

https://www.eatthis.com/news-sure-signs-diabetes-doctors/

NHS England to train staff in all trusts to spot rare type of diabetes

From theguardian.com

About 12,000 people in England likely to have monogenic diabetes, which is difficult to diagnose

People with a rare form of diabetes may receive better treatment and discover whether their children are also affected under new plans from NHS England.

Monogenic diabetes is caused by a single gene mutation – although the specific gene affected can differ. The condition occurs in two types, neonatal – which can occur within the first six months of life  – and maturity-onset diabetes of the young that develops later, often before the age of 25.

While about 12,000 people in England are thought to have monogenic diabetes, accounting for 1% to 2% of all diagnoses, the condition can be hard to tell apart from type 1 and type 2 diabetes, which are more common and thought to involve genetic predisposition and other factors. 

Now NHS England has announced plans to improve diagnoses of monogenic diabetes by ensuring there is training and support for a designated nursing and medical lead in each NHS trust. Up to 280 staff are to be trained on how to spot the condition over the next year. Among the tools available to clinicians is an online probability calculator.

“Monogenic diabetes is difficult to diagnose, and we will more easily be able to identify those who need to be referred for genetic testing by training teams on monogenic diabetes in each trust,” said Prof Partha Kar, NHS national speciality adviser for diabetes.

Experts said the programme could help patients receive better, more personalised treatment to help them manage their glucose levels. For example, while most patients with type 1 diabetes, and some of those with type 2, require insulin injections, this is not necessarily the case for people with monogenic diabetes, who can often be treated with a group of tablets called sulfonylureas, although this can depend upon the gene affected. 

As well as confirming whether a patient has monogenic diabetes, and the gene affected, genetic testing can also be used to explore whether the affected gene has been passed on to other members of a family: should one parent carry the gene, his or her children each have a 50% chance of also having the gene and hence developing the condition.

Dan Howarth, head of Care at Diabetes UK, welcomed the announcement. “The rollout of this programme is a significant and hugely positive development,” he said.

“It will help ensure people will get the most appropriate treatment and support for this rare type of diabetes, meaning blood sugar levels can be better managed, and the risks of developing the devastating complications of diabetes can be reduced.

“And as this form of diabetes runs in families, other family members can be informed of the symptoms to look out for, to enable timely treatment and support.”

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/aug/30/nhs-england-to-train-staff-in-all-trusts-to-spot-rare-type-of-diabetes

Is type 2 diabetes reversible?

From medicalnewstoday.com

Type 2 diabetes is reversible under certain conditions, depending on a person’s lifestyle. Medications alone do not reverse it. If a person does not make healthy lifestyle changes, type 2 diabetes will progress, and they will eventually need more medications to manage it.

However, if someone engages in healthy lifestyle practices, such as eating a low calorie diet and getting regular exercise, their diabetes may subside and go into remission. People should also note that a prediabetes diagnosis does not necessarily mean that developing type 2 diabetes is inevitable. According to the Centres for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), people can also reverse prediabetes by making lifestyle changes.

Keep reading to learn more about the possibility of people reversing type 2 diabetes, as well as diet, health, and prevention tips.

Is it reversible?

Igor Alecsander/Getty Images

Type 2 diabetes is very common. The International Diabetes Federation reports that 463 million adults had the condition in 2019, resulting in 4.2 million deaths the same year.

That said, people with type 2 diabetes can do many things to control and manage the condition. A 2020 study notes that lifestyle practices may prevent type 2 diabetes but also have the potential to reverse it. This is also known as remission. In fact, evidence supporting the value of such practices is so substantial that the study’s authors refer to them as “lifestyle medicine.”

While the study cites evidence that a low calorie diet can help reverse type 2 diabetes, it contends a superior strategy exists. According to the authors, the link between type 2 diabetes and obesity does not involve excess body weight alone. Rather, excess belly fat specifically plays a prominent role.

With this in mind, the authors say a diabetes-reversing strategy that includes exercise is a better approach. They base this on other findings that indicate a combination of diet and exercise reduces belly fat. The authors also note that exercise lowers blood glucose levels and improves the sensitivity of insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar.

Healthy lifestyle practices could curb the type 2 diabetes epidemic, the authors conclude. While they advocate people following a low calorie diet and exercise, they add that such practices should include people getting enough sleep, abstaining from smoking, and monitoring their alcohol intake.

These lifestyle practices may also reverse prediabetes. In this condition, a person has slightly elevated blood sugar and is at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The CDC notes that pursuing a healthy weight and getting regular exercise may offer this benefit.

What is ‘remission’?

Remission is the preferred term for diabetes reversal. This is because a person’s type 2 diabetes can always return. When someone is in remission, their A1C has reduced to a level of an individual who does not have type 2 diabetes, which is less than 6.5%.

A1C reflects a person’s average blood sugar level for the most recent 2-3 months. Doctors use the A1C test to diagnose and monitor the progress of the condition.

Aside from the lower A1C, a person in remission no longer needs to take any diabetes medication.

How is type 1 different from type 2?

The CDC states several differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes:

Characteristic	Type 1 diabetes	Type 2 diabetes
Physiology	The body stops making insulin.	The body makes insulin but does not use it well, so it cannot maintain normal blood sugar levels.
Percentage of people with diabetes	5–10%	90–95%
Onset of symptoms	Symptoms develop quickly.	Symptoms develop over many years.
When diagnosed	Doctors usually diagnose it in children, teens, and young adults.	Doctors usually diagnose it in adults, but they are increasingly diagnosing it in children, teens, and young adults.
Treatment	Treatment involves daily insulin.	Treatment involves diet, medications, insulin, or a combination.
Prevention	There is no known prevention.	Prevention is possible with healthy lifestyle changes.

Diet and health tips

The CDC provides diet and self-care health tips for people with diabetes. Diet recommendations include:

• choosing nutritious foods, which involves fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low fat or non-fat dairy products
• eating high fibre foods, such as whole grain breads and cereals
• selecting foods low in saturated fat, trans fat, calories, sugar, and salt
• drinking water rather than regular soda or juice
• filling a plate for meals as follows:
  • one-half with fruits and vegetables
  • one-quarter with whole grains
  • one-quarter with lean protein, such as beans or chicken without skin

Self-care is also important to live well with diabetes. Tips include:

• taking medications as prescribed
• visiting a doctor at least twice per year
• monitoring and recording blood sugar if a doctor advises this
• checking blood pressure if a doctor recommends this
• checking their feet daily for blisters, redness, swelling, and cuts
• maintaining healthy teeth and gums with regular brushing and flossing
• abstaining from smoking
• engaging in ways to reduce stress, such as deep breathing
• seeking support from family, friends, or a mental health counsellor

Prevention tips

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases offers people the following type 2 diabetes prevention tips:

• Lose weight if overweight: Losing 5–7% of weight can delay or prevent a person from developing type 2 diabetes.
• Exercise regularly: This means a minimum of 30 minutes on 5 days per week. Individuals should start slowly and gradually increase their physical activity until reaching a goal. People should also ask a healthcare professional for specific exercise recommendations.
• Eat nutritious foods most of the time: Following the dietary advice in the ‘Diet and health tips’ section above also helps prevent type 2 diabetes.

Summary

A person’s type 2 diabetes can go into remission if they seek and maintain a healthy weight, as well as engage in regular exercise.

Following a nutritious diet may help a person with weight control. In a single meal, this involves filling half the plate with fruits and vegetables, a quarter with whole grains, and a quarter with a lean protein, such as beans or chicken without the skin.

It is also beneficial for someone with type 2 diabetes to abstain from smoking and monitor their blood pressure. Stress management and seeking support from others are also important for people to live well with diabetes.

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/type-2-diabetes-reversible

5 People with Type 2 Diabetes Share Their Go-To Breakfasts

From healthline.com

Members of the T2D Healthline community share their favourite breakfasts to start the day off right

Breakfast is a key part of a healthy morning routine. This is especially true when you live with type 2 diabetes. 

Research suggests that eating breakfast can help people with type 2 diabetes avoid overeating and maintain more balanced energy levels over the course of the day.

However, figuring out what to eat for breakfast can be a challenge.

For many people with type 2 diabetes, managing your blood sugar levels is a top priority. Limiting your consumption of sugars and carbohydrates is an important part of this.

Many popular breakfast foods like pancakes, bacon, bagels, and sugary cereals are often high in carbs, unhealthy fats, and sugars.

It can feel frustrating trying to find simple breakfast ideas that are both tasty and nutritious. T2D Healthline community members understand this frustration firsthand — and they’re here to help.

Five community members shared their go-to breakfast ideas to help you start your day off right.

Photography by Aya Brackett

Spinach frittata

“Spinach frittata is one of my favourites. I modified a spinach pie recipe from Ina Garten by skipping the crust and using a casserole dish. Often it isn’t difficult to modify recipes for people with T2D!” — Deborah

Chocolate peanut butter oatmeal

“I make rolled oats with cocoa powder, salt, honey, almond milk, protein powder, and peanut butter. It’s very filling and a great source of protein, which is going to help repair my muscles after working out at the gym.

This breakfast is kind of like a Reese’s Peanut Butter Cup.” — Wendy S.

Greek yogurt with fruit

“I usually eat plain Greek yogurt with berries and monk fruit, or a healthy smoothie. I love eggs too.” — Sherry

Chia parfait and some extra protein

“I sometimes have a chia yogurt parfait. My current go-to is a green smoothie. I add protein by having an egg after consuming the drink. It keeps me full until lunch.” — Cal90

Smoothies

“I usually have just a smoothie for breakfast because I am often not hungry in the mornings.

My smoothie consists of:

• 1 cup fruit (usually berries of some kind)
• 1 cup plain non-fat yogurt
• 1 cup unsweetened almond milk (I used to use juice)
• 1 cup spinach
• 1 cup kale
• 1 tsp. cinnamon
• 1 tbsp. flax meal.”

— Margaret Vanzo

The bottom line

If you’re living with type 2 diabetes, finding breakfasts that are satisfying and tasty, but also low in carbs and sugar can feel like a challenge.

It’s important to know that you have more options than you may think. With a little creative thinking, many recipes can be adapted to fit your dietary needs.

If you’re looking for more ideas to level-up your morning routine or somewhere to connect with others who are also navigating life with type 2 diabetes, the T2D Healthline community is the place for you.

https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/5-people-with-type-2-diabetes-share-their-go-to-breakfasts

All You Need To Know About Diet For Diabetes

From bwhealthcareworld.businessworld.in

A healthy diet is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, especially when you have diabetes. Diet plays a vital role in managing blood glucose levels, and by incorporating healthy eating meal plans, people with diabetes can keep their blood sugar levels under control.

Diet for diabetes simply means eating healthy foods in moderate amounts of foods at a fixed time. Switching to this diet at the beginning may seem a bit challenging. Yet, if a person with diabetes continues to follow it strictly, they will see a significant difference in their blood glucose levels within a few days. 

What are the benefits of a healthy diet?

Eating healthy food positively affects the well-being of people with diabetes. A healthy diet helps to manage the blood sugar levels and blood cholesterol levels in people having diabetes. Apart from controlling blood glucose levels, the other benefits of a diabetic diet are:

• It helps to reduce weight

• Delay in the development of diabetes-related complications

• A feeling of well-being

What foods should people having diabetes eat?

Having diabetes should not stop you from relishing your favourite treats. People with diabetes can enjoy their favourite food, although not very often and in a moderate serving. The food that people with diabetes should eat are:

• Non-starchy vegetables that have low carbohydrate content like broccoli, tomatoes, carrots, greens, and peppers.

• Fruits like oranges, melons, berries, and apples.

• Whole grains like wheat, oats, corn meals, quinoa, barley, and rice.

• Proteins-rich food like lean meat, chicken, fish, eggs, nuts, peanuts, and tofu.

• Low-fat dairy products like yogurt and cheese.

• Foods that are rich in omega3 like salmon, tuna, avocado, and nuts.

What foods should people with diabetes avoid?

Foods that people with diabetes should avoid are:

• Foods that are rich in saturated fats and trans-fat like fried food, shortening, etc

• High salt content foods like pickles, papad, and namkeen.

• Sweets, like ice-creams, mithai, candies, and pastries.

• Drinks with added sugar like juice, cold drinks, and energy drinks.

People with diabetes must keep a check on their alcohol consumption too. Consuming alcohol can increase your blood glucose level, especially when consumed on an empty stomach. 

How much can people with diabetes eat?

Eating the right amount of food is essential for diabetes, as food plays a critical role in managing blood glucose levels. People with diabetes must eat food within their suggested calorie limit as advised. Overweight people with diabetes must ensure to lose weight to facilitate early control over their blood glucose levels. Losing weight is crucial for overweight women with diabetes who are planning a baby. 

People with diabetes can control the amount of food consumed by applying either of the two methods:

Plate method: Use a 9-inch plate for a meal and put non-starchy vegetables on one half of the plate; protein on one-fourth portion of the plate; and a grain or other starchy food on the remaining one-fourth. 

Besides monitoring food by plate method, people with diabetes can eat a small fruit or a small portion of fruit or a cup of milk between their meals.

Carbohydrate counting: By the carbohydrate counting method, people with diabetes need to count their calories. Carbohydrate counting helps to manage blood glucose levels as overeating carbohydrates can surge blood sugar levels.

Besides eating healthy food, maintaining physical activity through regular exercise adds extraordinary health advantages for people with diabetes.  

http://bwhealthcareworld.businessworld.in/article/All-You-Need-To-Know-About-Diet-For-Diabetes/27-08-2021-402187/

USA: Expert Panel Lowers Routine Screening Age for Diabetes to 35

From webmd.com

TUESDAY, Aug. 24, 2021 (HealthDay News) -- The recommended age to start screening overweight and obese people for diabetes will be lowered by five years from 40 to 35, the nation's leading panel of preventive health experts has announced.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has decided an earlier five years of testing could help detect more people who have prediabetes, said Dr. Michael Barry, vice chair of the USPSTF.

That would give those folks a chance to avoid full-blown diabetes by adopting a healthier diet, exercising more often and losing weight, said Barry, director of the Informed Medical Decisions Program at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.

Diabetes is "a major risk factor for heart attacks and strokes, but also the leading cause of blindness and kidney failure in the United States, and a major reason behind limb amputations," he said. "No one would say this isn't important."

About 13% of American adults — 34 million people — have diabetes, according to the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.

But more than one in three (35%) have prediabetes, a condition in which blood sugar levels are higher than normal but haven't yet irreversibly harmed the body's ability to respond to insulin. 

"We know that epidemiologically we see a spike in the prevalence of both diabetes and prediabetes around age 35," Barry said.

The new recommendation and the science behind it were published Aug. 24 in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

The USPSTF's recommendation is important because under the Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare"), insurers are required to fully cover any screening the task force endorses, with no out-of-pocket cost to patients.

In the case of diabetes, screening entails a safe and simple blood test to check for levels of either fasting blood sugar or haemoglobin A1C, Barry said.

The American Diabetes Association hailed the updated screening recommendations.

"New cases of diabetes continue to rise, and we know that approximately one-fourth of those with diabetes remain undiagnosed," said Dr. Robert Gabbay, the association's chief scientific and medical officer. "Lowering the age requirement down to 35 for those that are overweight or obese is a step in the right direction."

https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/news/20210824/expert-panel-lowers-routine-screening-age-for-diabetes-to-35

Lessons From a Diabetes Diagnosis (Type 2)

By Dorothy Zjawin

On the evening that I was diagnosed with diabetes, I was at the hospital after being hit by a car. Fortunately, I only had a minor bone fracture in my left arm. The diagnosis of diabetes, however, was devastating and was confirmed by a doctor who examined me. He prescribed physical therapy for my arm. The good news was that my arm didn't need surgery! But the idea of having to deal with diabetes was worse.

It meant endless doctor visits and expensive insulin prescriptions. Determined to avoid that fate, I researched diabetes and learned that it could be reversed, Studies had indicated that this was possible, with diabetics recovering and losing weight in the process,

I was going to reverse my diabetes and began learning about helpful foods like spinach, broccoli and oranges. My education had just begun.

Eat plenty of leafy green vegetables every day. I opted for eating salads for lunch. Broccoli and fresh spinach were the two main ingredients. Egg salad and lettuce were the other ingredients. As a diabetic. I could eat tuna and salmon (wild caught). Beverages were lemon water, coffee and green tea.

Avoid doughnuts, chips, soda, orange juice, pastries, sweet cereal, pizza and ice cream. And although little was said about cravings, I experienced them anyway. No more jelly doughnuts! Focus on a plant based diet instead. In the beginning, I suffered a lot of cravings, but turned to nuts such as almonds and walnuts as snacks and gradually reduced the cravings. Occasionally, I'd treat myself to some vanilla ice cream or a slice of pizza, but did not eat those foods every day.

Try eating healthy foods that you never ate as a youngster. I never got fresh spinach at home. My dad used to open canned spinach and serve it for lunch. I hated it and tried feeding it to the cat, who also refused it as well. But I tried fresh spinach and liked it a lot. I also tried and enjoyed broccoli and sweet potatoes, which I liked and added them to my diet. I still have to try eating avocados, preferably every day. And I'm not a fan of fish.

Stick to healthy whole foods that you like and avoid fad diets like paleo and keto. Now paleo and Keto have their good points but they are rather restrictive. I tried the keto diet for a week, but didn't care for many of its featured foods and stopped a few days later.

Opt for an egg for breakfast, as it will help to keep you full. Scrambled eggs or omelettes are always good choices. I used to have coffee and a fresh orange, which didn't satisfy me at all. I ate a lot of pasta, hamburgers and other junk food. I also gained weight and developed high blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes.

Remember to exercise every day even taking a long walk or cycling. Walking is ideal. So is jogging. Both activities are good for the heart. You'll lose weight as well and be pleased to ditch baggy slacks and tops.

I'm working on reversing diabetes, but have more energy and slimmed down. I fit comfortably in size 12 clothes and have routinely eaten whole foods. OK, I do enjoy an occasional doughnut or a few french fries, but don't eat them every day. I've also enjoyed my adventure eating different healthy produce. My blood pressure is down. My clothes feel loose and people have noticed my weight loss.

I'm not a doctor and am only interested in mentioning what has helped me. Everyone is different, so to that end it is better to consult with a doctor for diseases like diabetes.

https://ezinearticles.com/?Lessons-From-a-Diabetes-Diagnosis&id=10495962

Diabetes Management: How Can Cinnamon Help Manage Diabetes?

From food.ndtv.com

"Cinnamaldehyde" is the main active ingredient, which is responsible for its majority of health benefits and aroma

Cinnamon is one of the popular spices in the world and is commonly used to add flavour to different food items. Apart from flavour and aroma, it also offers different medicinal benefits. "Cinnamaldehyde" is the main active ingredient, which is responsible for its majority of health benefits and aroma. Some of the studies suggest that cinnamon is useful as an anti-diabetic agent, antioxidant agent, antimicrobial agent and anti-inflammatory agent. It is also considered as helpful in cardiovascular diseases.

Nutritional Values Of Cinnamon

As per the USA Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1 teaspoon of ground cinnamon offers:

Calories: 6.42 kc

Carbohydrate: 2.1 gm

Calcium: 26.1 mg

Magnesium: 1.56 mg

Phosphorus: 11.2 mg

Potassium: 11.2 mg

Apart from that, it contains B Complex, several antioxidants such as Choline, Beta-carotene, Lycopene, Lutein, Zeaxanthin and different other antioxidant agents also. It's antioxidant properties help reduce oxidative stress and might be helpful in the prevention of type 2 diabetes, heart diseases and many other health conditions.

It is not only useful in Diabetes but also helpful in stomach ailments

such as flatulence and bloating             iStock

Types Of Cinnamon

There are following two main types of Cinnamon:

1. Ceylon cinnamon
2. Cassia cinnamon or Chinese cinnamon

Ceylon cinnamon is considered more helpful as compared to Cassia or Chinese cinnamon. The Ceylon variety of Cinnamon is originating in Sri Lanka and is most commonly found in Southeast Asia. However, Cassia cinnamon comes from China and is considered less effective.

Cinnamon In Diabetes

India is home to over 60 million adults with diabetes, of which more than 30 million are undiagnosed or untreated. Indians have significantly high rates of diabetes when compared to other ethnic groups such as Europeans, Africans and others. If we talk about good management of Diabetes as per Ayurvedic medicinal practices, Cinnamon has been used for a long time to deal with high blood sugar levels. It has been thought to have an insulin-mimetic & insulin-sensitizing action to deal with high blood sugar levels. In modern medicinal practices, one of the studies suggest, up to 6 grams of Cinnamon per day for 40 days has been lowered the blood sugar level and also found helpful in lowering total cholesterol level, triglyceride level and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level as well. Hence Cinnamon is not only might be helpful in Diabetes care but might be useful for cardiovascular diseases also.

Other Health Benefits of Cinnamon

In Ayurvedic medicinal practices, Cinnamon is not only useful in Diabetes but also helpful in stomach ailments such as flatulence and bloating. It is also used in diarrhoea and dysentery. In Ayurveda, Bark of Cinnamon is used as an anti-inflammatory and astringent agent for toothache and rheumatoid joint pains.

Side Effects of Cinnamon

Excess intake of Cinnamon may cause liver damage. If someone is on blood thinner medicines or diabetic drugs, one should talk to his/her Doctor also. High dosage should be avoided as high dosage might be toxic also.

How To Use Cinnamon In Food Items

Cinnamon's flavour and fragrance come from its active ingredient "Cinnamaldehyde". Ground Cinnamon can be used in different types of dishes such as Cakes, Cookies, Bread, Different Curries, Oat-meals and Different types of smoothies- beverages.

Author Bio - Himanshu Rai is a Chief Dietitian and Nutritionist with more than 14 years of work experience in the field of Food and Nutrition and Life Member of Indian Dietetic Association (IDA) and Singapore Nutrition and Dietetic Association (SNDA).

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed within this article are the personal opinions of the author. NDTV is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or validity of any information on this article. All information is provided on an as-is basis. The information, facts or opinions appearing in the article do not reflect the views of NDTV and NDTV does not assume any responsibility or liability for the same.

https://food.ndtv.com/diabetes/diabetes-management-how-cinnamon-can-help-manage-diabetes-expert-reveals-2516431

How to Use Low-Cost Technology Tips to Manage Diabetes

From goodmenproject.com

The great news is that with proper management, diabetes doesn’t have to hamper your quality of life

Diabetes cases have been growing over the past decade in the United States. According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 100 million Americans have diabetes or prediabetes. Complications related to the ailment can be serious, including vision loss, heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and the amputation of toes, feet, or legs due to poor circulation. The great news is that with proper management, diabetes doesn’t have to hamper your quality of life. These low-cost tips and tools will help with day-to-day management so you can get your diabetes under control. Read on for low-cost technology tips to manage diabetes.

Watch Your Weight with Supplements

Obesity increases your risk for developing type 2 diabetes and, if you’ve already been diagnosed with the illness, can make it more difficult to manage. Watch your weight by maintaining a healthy diet based primarily on whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, and lean proteins. You can also use supplements to support your goals, but that said, always consult a healthcare professional before adding any medications or supplements.

Get a Fitness Tracker for Exercising

Of course, your diet isn’t the only factor influencing weight. It’s important to engage in regular exercise, as well. A fitness tracker can help hold you accountable to your fitness goals by recording your physical activity and key statistics, such as resting versus active heart rate. The Apple Watch Series 4, in addition to monitoring heart rate and generating an ECG, can even help keep you safe as it provides fall detection and an emergency SOS call function. Just be sure you have a sturdy, comfortable watch band that can survive your exercise routine. Not a fan of Apple products? Alternative brands like FitBit are another option, including key features like heart rate monitor and GPS in addition to activity tracking. These assets support both your wellbeing and your safety.

Use Telemedicine to Check in with a Doctor

One of the keys to diabetes management is keeping an eye on important statistics, like blood sugar levels, and checking in regularly with a doctor. If you find yourself unable to stick to in-person appointments, try telemedicine. These programs connect you with a certified medical practitioner, who can review your stats and symptoms and advise on your care plan. Platforms like AmWell even offer 24/7 service, so you can work around your busy schedule. All of the professionals on their platform are board-certified so you can be sure you’re getting reliable advice. You can even access AmWell through your mobile device using its app.

Download Useful Apps to Your Phone

Apps offer a cost-effective way to keep track of your diabetes without added hassle. You can keep track of what you’re eating using a tool like MyNetDiary, for instance. It features meal and exercise planning tools as well as custom trackers; upgrade to premium and you can even print out PDF reports to share with your dietitian or doctor. There are also apps available to help you track your glucose. Glucose Buddy lets you create a continual record of glucose levels, allowing you to gain insights into telling patterns over time. Your doctor can use this real-time information to adjust your treatment plan.

It’s possible to live a long, happy, and healthy life with diabetes. The key to success is day-to-day management. The above guidelines will help you keep your diabetes under control by making the process easier and more enjoyable for you. In general, it’s been shown that technology can play a major role in empowering and motivating patients to manage their diabetes, so don’t discount the tech devices mentioned above. With a small investment in these tools and tricks, you will be making a big investment in your health. Hopefully this article opened your eyes regarding low-cost tips to manage diabetes as well as the new technology.

https://goodmenproject.com/featured-content/how-to-use-low-cost-technology-tips-to-manage-diabetes-kpkn/

How to Relieve Depression and Diabetes with Nutrition

From nation.lk/online

In the United States, three of the most detrimental and most widespread chronic conditions are diabetes, obesity, and depression. It is found that diet is a major diabetes risk factor. Recent studies also highlighted the relevance of malnutrition as a potential risk factor for common mental disorders, particularly in elderly depression.

This short read will serve as a self-care checklist for patients dealing with diabetes and depression.

Compelling Statistics Concerning Obesity, Diabetes, and Depression

The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that about 10% of Americans are diabetic (90–95% of which have type 2 diabetes) and that roughly 7.6% of Americans 12 years of age or older may suffer from depression in any given two-week period.

The CDC also revealed that the prevalence of obesity in the U.S. from 2017 to 2018 accounted for 42.4% of the population or 138 million people.

In addition to being regarded as serious conditions in their own right, surveys show that patients who have type 2 diabetes are also prone to obesity and depression. This means that obese patients are either already diabetic or at elevated risk of becoming one. Although the relationship between obesity and depression remains a matter of analysis, some studies have found a link between them.

An Overview of Diabetes and Its Classifications

Diabetes Mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a term for a group of metabolic disorders that cause elevated blood sugar (glucose) levels in the body. When high blood sugar remains untreated, it damages the nerves, kidneys, eyes, and other organs.

Diabetes can cause more severe complications if not managed well. By damaging organs and blood vessels, it increases the risk of heart disease, kidney disease, vision problems, and nerve damage.

There are different types of diabetes. Here’s a breakdown of them:

➊ Prediabetes

Blood glucose levels exceed the normal range but are not high enough to qualify as diabetes

➋ Type 1

The pancreas produces no insulin.

➌ Type 2

The pancreas either doesn’t make enough insulin, or the body can’t use it effectively.

➍ Gestational

Pregnant women are unable to make and use all of the insulin they need.

Detrimental Effects of Depression in Diabetes

Diabetes is burdensome all by itself, but for a patient with diabetes to also be depressed is an utterly painful and dangerous predicament. Having diabetes can dramatically increase the odds of having problems with depression; likewise, depression can make it more difficult to manage (if not complicate) diabetes.

Scientific research has revealed that people with depression have higher tendencies to skip their medications and adopt a sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits. As a result, they have difficulty managing their weight. Worse, depression contributes directly to the following when combined with diabetes:

Poor blood glucose control

High risk of long-term complications such as heart disease and retinopathy

Frequent medical consultations or visits to the hospital

Shorter life span

Now that we’ve learned how depression is evidently toxic towards diabetic patients if left untreated, let’s discuss how to manage both conditions with a healthy diet and nutrition.

Things you can do to manage your diabetes and depression with a healthy diet and nutrition.

➤ As a Rule, Consult Your Healthcare Provider First

Prior to any intervention, you must first talk to your healthcare providers for a professional assessment of your current condition and guidance on your treatment. This includes your doctor, nurse practitioner, and registered nutritionist or dietitian. With an adequate understanding of your health status, they can greatly help you set attainable goals and safely work towards achieving them.

Additionally, you should check with them every step of the way to ensure you’re on the right track, gauge progress or response to treatment, and avoid any complications. Your own health is on the line here, so you might as well find legitimate and reliable healthcare providers for better results.

➤ Adhere to Diabetic Nutrition Guidelines

Part of diabetes management is nutrition therapy. According to clinical development consultant Alison Gray, RDN, “nutrition guidelines should be based on the dietary history of the family and the patient’s meal pattern and habits prior to the diagnosis of diabetes.”

A diabetes diet essentially means sticking to regular mealtimes and eating the healthiest food in moderate amounts. It’s a healthy eating plan that is naturally low in calories and fat yet rich in nutrients. In fact, a diabetes diet is the best eating plan for almost everyone—it’s principally comprised of vegetables, whole grains, and fruits.

➤ Eat for Your Happiness

In addition to giving us fuel to perform activities of daily living, food also helps us cope and feel much better. But not all kinds of food can be therapeutic for our mental health; some even cause more harm than good. Therefore, identifying which foods are best for depression is just as important as medication and other treatments.

The best foods for depression include turkey, avocados, berries, cashews, chamomile tea, dark chocolate, oatmeal, and more. Meanwhile, stay away from refined sugars, artificial sweeteners, soda, alcohol, margarine, potato chips, and others like these—not only are these bad for depression, they’re also deleterious for people with diabetes.

➤ Complement Your Diet with Lifestyle Changes

After all, is said and done, it still boils down to how you earnestly care for yourself. Complying with medical treatments and a healthy diet definitely help, but they’re not everything.

There’s so much you can implement in your lifestyle to promote your health, such as exercising, getting quality sleep, drinking enough water, spending time in nature, adapting different relaxation techniques, and so much more. Just remember to check with your healthcare provider and take it one day at a time.

https://www.nation.lk/online/how-to-relieve-depression-and-diabetes-with-nutrition-112786.html

Kidney function in people with type 2 diabetes enhanced by low-carb and high-protein meals, new study identifies

From diabetes.co.uk

Individuals with type 2 diabetes can enhance their kidney function by increasing their protein intake and consuming less carbs, latest research suggests.

The idea that people with type 2 diabetes who follow high-protein diets are more at risk of damaging their kidneys has been discredited by a team of scientists from the Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust.

The former chair of the European Renal Nutrition Working Group, Professor Denis Fouque believed that: “A high-protein diet may boost a pre-existing low-grade chronic kidney disease which is often prevalent in people with diabetes, and that it might even increase the risk of new cases of kidney diseases.”

However, new findings have found that low-carb diets are valuable to those with type 2 diabetes, with a recent study even claiming it can reverse the condition.

Previous trials have recorded that 46% of individuals with type 2 diabetes who adopted a low-carb meal plan for two years put their condition into remission.

The team of academics examined nearly 150 older adults with type 2 diabetes who implemented a low-carb diet for more than two years.

The participants under analysis either had usual kidney function or slight kidney disease.

According to the results, more than half of the participants enhanced their kidney function after following a low-carb diet.

Additionally, the average glomerular filtration rate also improved by 2.4 units.

Surprisingly, the findings also reveal that age does not trigger kidney deterioration, with the majority of the participants in their sixties.

Lead researcher, Dr David Unwin said: “This is contrary to what might be expected with older people who have type 2 diabetes due to the effects of the disease and the fact that our kidney function decreases with age.

“We suspect high blood sugar is central to the damage that people with type 2 diabetes experience to their kidney function, so reducing blood sugar levels seems to be a logical first step.”

Dr Duane Mellor, of the British Dietetic Association, said: “For someone with healthy kidneys, protein is not a problem, and for people with kidney disease it’s important not to restrict protein too much as it can lead to malnutrition.”

The full set of results can now be accessed in the journal Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity.

https://www.diabetes.co.uk/news/2021/aug/kidney-function-in-people-with-type-2-diabetes-enhanced-by-low-carb-and-high-protein-meals-new-study-identifies.html

Low-carb diet to lose weight and control diabetes

From timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Cutting back on carbs is the first thing that comes to our minds when we decide to lose weight. Limiting your carb intake is a famous diet strategy as it doesn't just help one lose weight but also optimise health and help manage metabolic diseases. Here is all that you need to know about a low carb diet.

What exactly is a low-carb diet?

A low-carb diet, as the name suggests is a diet that limits your intake of foods high in carbohydrates. These foods include bread, pasta, biscuit, cake, sugar, etc. One is not just supposed to restrict the intake of these foods but replace these with low-carb options like spinach, cauliflower and other high fibre and protein-rich food items such as eggs, meat, cheese, nuts. fish and poultry.

A low-carb diet is effective for people trying to lose weight, are diabetic, pre-diabetic, who want to optimise their metabolism, heart health, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. A low carb diet is also known to improve the quality of life in advanced or metastatic cancer.

Low carb diet for weight loss

A low-carb diet has been extensively used to help people struggling with obesity and related metabolic disorders like diabetes. Obese people have a high prevalence of diabetes or metabolic syndrome. It has been observed when these people followed a low carb diet, they lost weight and improved their insulin sensitivity and triglyceride levels as compared to when on a calorie and fat-restricted diet.

Low carb diet and diabetes

Low carb diet can help manage diabetes in the long run. This diet is less stressful on the pancreas and insulin production as compared to high-carb diets. If the body runs out of stored carbs, the liver produces ketones, a type of fat that can be converted into energy.

Low carbs diet and cardiovascular health

Just like added sugar, extra carbs in the diet get converted into triglycerides and get stored as fat cells. Restricting carbs has been associated with low blood triglycerides levels.

Low carb diet for metabolic diseases

Women suffering from obesity and metabolic problems saw an improvement hormonally while following a low carb diet. Reducing carb intake has been found to lower circulating insulin levels, improve hormonal imbalance and resume ovulation and thus improve pregnancy rates compared to the regular diet. Most low carb diets have only 10 per cent calories coming from carbs. A typical low carb diet allows only 50-100 grams of carbs per day.

Do check with your doctor, before you go on a low-carb diet, especially if you have any heart condition.

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/diet/low-carb-diet-to-lose-weight-and-control-diabetes/photostory/85304068.cms

Embrace diabetes apps as part of technology-enabled practice

From healio.com

Diabetes apps as part of a technology-enabled practice can help people with diabetes achieve positive clinical outcomes and improve quality of life; however, there are no-one-size-fits all recommendations and not all apps add value.

Rachel Stahl

“We as diabetes care and education specialists need to be aware of what apps are out there and support our patients using apps, just as we do for other diabetes technologies,” Rachel Stahl, MS, RD, CDN, CDCES, staff associate in medicine in the division of endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism at New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, told Healio. “However, we also need to caution them about concerns, such as safety and privacy issues.”

Diabetes technology has evolved and dramatically improved care, and apps are a part of the evolution, Stahl said during a virtual presentation at the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists annual conference. Apps, introduced with the first Apple iPhone in 2007, are still a new concept to some, but adoption is rapidly growing, Stahl said. Today, there are more than 318,000 mobile health apps available for download, covering general wellness and health management, displaying or downloading health data, or functioning as standalone medical devices.

“What started out as an interest in apps, soon became a necessity,” Stahl told Healio. “I get questions all the time from patients asking me about what apps I recommend or coming to me already using apps.”

Diabetes apps bring with them many benefits, such as reducing friction for gathering health data, providing decision support, driving patient engagement and enhancing care through more collaboration between the person with diabetes and the diabetes care and education specialist or other providers, Stahl said. Apps also provided advanced analytics, allowing for personalized insights based on retrospective food or insulin data, and pattern recognition to avoid high or low glucose values.

Apps also can bring disadvantages, such as privacy, security and safety concerns.

“Unlike a medical device like a [continuous glucose monitor] or an insulin pump, the majority of apps are not regulated by a governing body, like the FDA,” Stahl said. “Without oversight or regulation comes higher risk. The app may not perform the advertised function, it may present potential cybersecurity risks, or it may lack safeguards to prevent harmful mistakes from operational error.”

Additionally, Stahl said, simply recommending an app may not be helpful.

“In fact, one study showed that over 75% of apps are used once after being downloaded, and then never used again,” Stahl told Healio. “This underscores the need for the diabetes care and education specialist to not only assist the patient in app selection, but to support its use through ongoing education and follow-up to help improve outcomes.”

The diabetes care and education specialist can play a role in the successful use of apps by following four steps:

• Assist with app selection and individualize recommendations. “Just as with all diabetes care, recommending apps requires an individualized, patient-centred approach rather than a one-size-fits-all philosophy,” Stahl said. “Consider the health literacy and numeracy of your patient.”
• Onboard “live” or remotely. “Support the person to download, register and customize the app,” Stahl said. “Maybe it helps them enter their goals or connects with one of their diabetes devices. Taking those extra moments to set them up shows we care and can help them get the most out of it.”
• Discuss potential privacy and safety concerns. “Patients need to be aware of risks,” Stahl said.
• Provide ongoing education, training and follow-up.

“Remember, the data from apps is just information,” Stahl said. “This indicates the important role the diabetes care and education specialist has in educating the patient with diabetes about successful integration of apps. The bottom line is apps are here to stay. Now is the time to get ahead of the curve.”

https://www.healio.com/news/endocrinology/20210815/embrace-diabetes-apps-as-part-of-technologyenabled-practice

Type 2 diabetes: Reading the grave warning sign of blood sugar damage visible on your toes

From timesnownews.com

People with diabetes are more likely than those without diabetes to have foot problems because this condition damages the nerves. Watch out for signs given in article below

Treat your foot with utmost care if you suffer from diabetes

Photo Credit: iStock Images 

Key Highlights

• Diabetes is a condition that must be managed well. Your feet and skin can develop sores and infections.

• You should ensure that your feet are well cared for as wounds on the feet or legs that do not heal properly may necessitate amputation.

• There are signs on the feet that should alert you about raised blood sugar.

Diabetes is a condition that is related to the problem of the body's inability to respond well to insulin. What is Insulin? This is a hormone produced in the pancreas by special cells, called beta cells. The pancreas is a gland that is located below and behind the stomach. Insulin is secreted by the pancreas into the bloodstream and is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells for storage and future use.

When you have type 2 diabetes, your fat, liver, and muscle cells do not respond correctly to insulin - a hormone produced in the pancreas to help move blood sugar (glucose) into cells - where it is stored and later used for energy.

This unsatisfactory response to insulin is called insulin resistance. As a result, blood sugar does not get into these cells to be stored for energy and instead builds up in the blood - causing a dangerous health condition called hyperglycaemia. 

The body is unable to use glucose for energy. This leads to the symptoms of type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is not some condition that the body acquires overnight. It usually develops slowly over time. Since increased fat makes it harder for the body to use insulin the correct way, most people have their condition of obesity or excess weight issues to blame for the onset of the disease.

But that does not mean non-obese or normal-weight people do not get diabetes. But these are mostly people of older ages. Other factors that can cause Type 2 Diabetes are family history and genes, and lifestyle factors like low activity level, poor diet, and excess body weight around the waist.

People with diabetes are more likely than those without diabetes to have foot problems because this condition damages the nerves. Nerves play a big role in carrying the sensation of touch, pressure, pain, heat, or cold to the extremities of the body - including the feet. This nerve damage is called Diabetic Neuropathy. 

Due to this nerve damage, a lot of times, people suffering from diabetes are unable to notice a foot injury until they have severe damage to the skin and tissue below, or until they suffer a case of severe infection.

Change in the shape of toes is a warning sign:
Diabetes type 2 can often slip under the radar until high blood sugar levels start wreaking havoc on the body. The change in the shape of your toes can be one signal you can catch - a sign that diabetes has caused nerve damage, says a report in Express.co.uk. 

It cites a warning by Doctor Prash Vas, Consultant in Diabetes and Diabetes Food Medicine at London Bridge Hospital who says that diabetic neuropathy most often damages nerves in your legs and feet; a tell-tale sign of which can be observed on your toes. Clawing of toes can signal advanced nerve damage, warned Doctor Prash.

A Claw toe is a condition characterised by the toes bending into a shape similar to a claw. High blood sugar can also cause other damages to your feet. Diabetes can cause the wasting of the small muscles in the feet, build-up of skin over pressure points of the sole, and some individuals may experience balance issues, says the Express report.

Prone to injuries that go unnoticed until too late:
It does not just steal one's capacity to sense, Diabetes can also damage blood vessels. With hampered blood circulation - the farthest part of the foot is rendered most vulnerable. Due to diabetes that lowers immunity and healing power, even small sores or breaks in the skin may become deeper skin sores (ulcers). 

Diabetics have to be very conscious of the state of their foot as many a time, the affected limb may need to be amputated if these skin ulcers do not heal or become larger, deeper, or infected.

Diabetic persons' foot care regime:

1. Make it a bath-time routine every day. Check your feet for any nerve or blood vessel damage
2. All minor infections must be treated immediately
3. Avoid cracks from dryness of skins, use prescribed moisturisers on feet
4. Your footwear should be suitable for your condition, seek the doctor's advice
5. Quit smoking if you already haven't
6. Keep your blood sugar under acceptable limits
7. Acquire an appointment with the doctor at least twice a year to learn if you have nerve damage
8. The doctor can also check if your feet have calluses, bunions or hammertoes and you must get them treated immediately if found.
    

Disclaimer: Tips and suggestions mentioned in the article are for general information purpose only and should not be construed as professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or a dietician before starting any fitness programme or making any changes to your diet.

https://www.timesnownews.com/health/article/type-2-diabetes-reading-the-grave-warning-sign-on-your-toes-of-blood-sugar-damage/798264

What Are the Stages of Diabetes?

From healthline.com

By Eleesha Lockett

Diabetes is an umbrella term for three primary conditions: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. According to guidelines established by experts in the field, there are multiple stages of diabetes, each of which are defined by physiological changes within the body.

In this article, we’ll explore the stages of type 1 and type 2 diabetes as defined by diabetes experts, as well as information about long-term diabetes management.

What experts say

Within the past decade, professional organizations, like the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), have created guidelines that outline the various stages of diabetes development.

According to the literature on these guidelines, understanding the various stages of diabetes can allow physicians and patients to take a more comprehensive approach to preventive care and disease management.

Below, we’ve outlined the various stages of beta cell dysfunction, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes, as established by current experts in the field of diabetes research.

Stages of type 1 diabetes

In 2015, the ADA released a joint statement with the JDRF and Endocrine Society outlining the various stages of type 1 diabetes. Using the guideline below, clinicians can more easily diagnose this condition at an earlier stage, even when symptoms might not be present.

It’s important to note that type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks and destroys beta cells in the pancreas, which are responsible for producing insulin.

Pre-Stage 1

In this stage, genetic analysis can help identify underlying genotypes that are commonly associated with type 1 diabetes.

According to the research, a specific region on chromosome six – called the HLA region – is associated with up to 50 percent of the risk for developing this condition. Other factors, like having a sibling or close relative with type 1 diabetes, can also increase disease risk.

Stage 1

In this stage, at least one diabetes-related autoantibody is present in the blood. At this point, these autoantibodies have already begun to attack the beta cells in the pancreas. But blood sugar levels still remain within the normal range, and no symptoms are present.

Stage 2

In this stage, at least two or more diabetes-related autoantibodies are present in the blood. As the beta cells continue to be destroyed by the immune system, a lack of insulin leads to rising blood sugar levels due to glucose intolerance. Although beta cell dysfunction is more serious at this stage, there are still no symptoms yet.

Stage 3

In this stage, there’s a significant loss of beta cells due to autoimmunity and symptoms are present, resulting in a type 1 diabetes diagnosis. During this stage, the symptoms of type 1 diabetes may include:

• excessive hunger or thirst
• blurry vision
• severe fatigue
• frequent urination
• unexplained weight loss

Stages of type 2 diabetes

In 2018, the AACE created the dysglycaemia-based chronic disease (DBCD) multimorbidity care model. Much like the previous guidelines above from 2015, the DBCD care model helps clinicians take preventative steps to reduce type 2 diabetes complications.

Stage 1

This stage, defined as insulin resistance, is where muscle, fat, and liver cells become resistant to insulin and have trouble bringing glucose into the cell. But the pancreas compensates for this by producing more insulin, which helps keep blood sugar levels within normal range.

Stage 2

In this stage, also known as prediabetes, cells become so insulin resistant that the extra insulin isn’t enough to lower blood sugar levels back to normal. In some cases, beta cell dysfunction may also be present. During this stage, blood glucose levels remain higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes.

Stage 3

In this stage, blood sugar levels remain abnormally high, leading to a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Both insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction can lead to high blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes. Without treatment, these elevated levels can cause long-term damage to the body.

Stage 4

In this stage, vascular complications can occur as a result of high blood sugar. As blood sugar levels remain high, damage can occur within the vascular system, leading to potential complications like:

• albuminuria
• chronic kidney disease
• coronary artery disease
• heart failure
• peripheral neuropathy
• stroke

What is end-stage diabetes?

While “end-stage diabetes” isn’t a commonly used term, diabetes can lead to what’s known as end-stage diabetic complications, or advanced complications. In people with diabetes, advanced complications, like end-stage renal disease, occur after many years of living with diabetes.

A study from 2019 found that microvascular complications from diabetes, like nephropathy, increase risk for cardiovascular events and death in people with type 1.

How to manage diabetes

While there’s no cure for diabetes, it can be managed through the appropriate treatment, which may include medications, dietary changes, and lifestyle interventions.

• Medications. Medications for diabetes can include insulin injections, amylinomimetic drugs, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and other drugs that help keep blood sugar levels stable. In many cases, medications for high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and heart health are also used to help reduce the risk of complications.
• Dietary changes. Dietary changes for diabetes involve guidelines to help keep blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels balanced. When you have diabetes, it’s important to focus on eating a diet high in whole foods, like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. It’s also important to limit your intake of foods that are high in:
  • sugar
  • salt
  • saturated fat
  • trans fat
• Lifestyle interventions. Lifestyle interventions for diabetes begin with proper management of the condition. This includes regularly checking your blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. When possible, you should try to get at least 30 minutes or more per day of physical activity. If you smoke or drink alcohol regularly, consider cutting back.

Although it can feel overwhelming to manage a chronic health condition like diabetes, your healthcare team is there to help you create a diabetes treatment plan that works best for you.

When to seek care

If you’re concerned about managing your diabetes, the first step is to reach out to your doctor or care team to create a diabetes treatment plan. Depending on your diagnosis and personal needs, your treatment plan may include reaching out to:

• an endocrinologist, who can help you manage your blood sugar levels
• a dietitian, who can suggest dietary changes to help manage your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels
• a specialist doctor, like a dentist or ophthalmologist, who can help you manage potential diabetes complications
• a certified diabetes care and education specialist (CDCES), who can provide education and support to better manage your condition

Takeaway

According to experts in the field of diabetes research, diabetes staging plays an important role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes. Understanding the various stages of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes allows physicians and patients to see the progression of the disease so that treatment and long-term management can be improved.

If you’ve been diagnosed with diabetes, it’s important to stay educated about your condition so that you can more easily manage it in the long-term.

https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes/stages-of-diabetes