New Contact Lens Could Ease Blindness Caused by Diabetes

From healthline.com

Researchers are working on a “glowing” contact lens that people would wear at night to lessen the progression of a common type of blindness.

If you’re living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, you undergo an eye exam every year to detect signs of retina damage due to high and fluctuating blood sugar levels.
For many, even reasonably good diabetes management can’t prevent ongoing damage to the blood vessels in the eye. In the most advanced (yet quite common) cases, blindness is a devastating reality.

The future of diabetes technology looks brighter, though, with a “glowing” contact lens specifically designed to prevent further damage to the blood vessels of your retina.
The lenses are worn only at night and researchers say they could offer a long-term solution to a long-term problem.
The lenses were developed by Colin Cook, a graduate of the California Institute of Technology, and a research team led by Yu-Chong Tai, the Anna L. Rosen professor of electrical and medical engineering at Caltech.

Avoiding treatments

The contact lenses would be easier for patients compared to today’s invasive and often painful treatment methods.

“Existing treatments, though effective, are painful and invasive, involving lasers and injections into the eyes,” researchers said in a recent press release.

Because of the painful aspects of these treatments, patients often avoid seeking treatment, don’t schedule annual eye exams, and endure the progression of their disease until it’s too late to intervene and save their vision.

Stacey Divone, a patient with type 1 diabetes, had been seeing her ophthalmologist for more than 20 years as part of routine diabetes eye care.
“I started seeing him every six months because he had been seeing some slight changes in my eye vessels and wanted to stay on top of it,” Divone told Healthline.
Images of her eyes showed swelling near the macula (the back) of her eye, which meant Divone needed to see a retina specialist quickly.
After further testing, it was discovered that blood vessels in her left eye were leaking and immediate treatment was necessary.

“I had an intravitreal injection of Lucentis a couple of weeks later. They inject this medication directly into your eyeball,” said Divone. “While they do put a lot of numbing drops into your eye beforehand, the moment you see that needle come up to your eye and the liquid is actually flowing into your eyeball, it’s a very unpleasant feeling.”
Even during the two days following the procedure, Divone said the pain in her eyes felt like “razors.”

Potential groundbreaking treatment

Creating a gentler and far less invasive method of treating one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States would be groundbreaking for the nearly 30 million people living with diabetes.
Since the retinopathy is largely the result of too little oxygen getting to the nerve cells of the retina, the key to Cook’s design is that it reduces the oxygen needs of the retina while a patient sleeps by providing a small amount of light through the glow of the lens.
“Your rod cells, as it turns out, consume about twice as much oxygen in the dark as they do in the light,” explained Cook.

This understanding explains a longstanding hypothesis that the damage of retinopathy progresses the most quickly at night, when oxygen demands are high.
“If we turn metabolism in the retina down, we should be able to prevent some of the damage that occurs,” added Cook.
The source of light in the lens is similar to the glow used on watch faces. It contains a radioactive form of hydrogen gas that can provide light for approximately 10 years.
The lenses themselves, Cook told Healthline, would last approximately one year before a patient needed to replace them, similar to the lifespan of extended-wear contacts currently on the market.
“I feel incredibly blessed that my eyes have been stable since that one treatment,” said Divone.

Despite knowing how critical her eye exams are for her long-term vision, Divone said she now experiences a great deal of anxiety before and during her exams with the ophthalmologist and retina specialist.
“I absolutely fear needing another injection. The idea of a contact lens instead,” she said, “would make such a difference for me and for others with diabetes.”

https://www.healthline.com/health-news/new-contact-lens-could-ease-blindness-caused-by-diabetes#3

Recipe: Mini Pepper Nachos

From asweetlife.org

Who says nachos need to be made with tortilla chips? Since both my husband and my kids are big nacho fans, I needed to find a way to make a healthier version. All summer long, we’ve been chomping away on mini peppers and it suddenly occurred to me that they would make a pretty great chip alternative. To my surprise and delight, my kids thought so too. This whole platter did not last long!

Ingredients

• 1 tbsp chili powder
• 1 tsp ground cumin
• 1 tsp garlic powder
• 1 tsp paprika
• 1/2 tsp kosher salt
• 1/2 tsp pepper
• 1/2 tsp oregano
• 1/4 tsp red pepper flakes (more if you like it hotter)
• 1 lb ground beef
• 1 lb mini peppers, halved and seeded
• 1 1/2 cups shredded Cheddar cheese
• 1/2 cup chopped tomato
• Other toppings as desired (sour cream, olives, chopped jalapeño, avocado, etc.)

Instructions

1. In a small bowl, combine chili powder, cumin, garlic powder, paprika, salt, pepper, oregano and red pepper flakes.
2. In a large skillet over medium heat, brown ground beef until just cooked through, about 7 to 10 minutes, breaking up any clumps with the back of a wooden spoon. Add spice mixture and sauté until well combined. Remove from heat.
3. Preheat oven to 400F and line a large baking try with parchment paper or aluminium foil. Arrange mini peppers in a single layer, cut-side up but very close together.
4. Sprinkle with ground beef mixture and shredded cheese (make sure every mini pepper gets a little meat and cheese!). Bake 5 to 10 minutes, until cheese is melty.
5. Remove from oven and top with chopped tomatoes and any other desired toppings. Serve immediately.

Yield: 6

Cholesterol: 96mg

Food energy: 351 kcal

Total fat: 21.97g

Calories from fat: 197

Carbohydrate: 6.58g

Protein per serving: 28.41g

Total dietary fibre: 2.39g

https://asweetlife.org/mini-pepper-nachos/?utm_source=ASweetLife.org+List&utm_campaign=04217a8737-ASweetLife+Weekly+Update++-+Nov.+14%2C+2017&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_5125b14cf8-04217a8737-413392997

8 tips for traveling when your child has diabetes

From mysouthernhealth.com

Summer outings and getaways should be fun and relaxing for everyone. And they can be — even if you’ve got meds and supplies to pack for your child with diabetes. Along with toting the bathing suits and sunscreen, you may have to do a little extra prep and planning, but these tips will help make the tasks more manageable.
Cindy Lybarger, a nurse practitioner and program coordinator at Vanderbilt’s Eskind Pediatric Diabetes Clinic, offers her best advice for hassle-free travel.

1. Bring more supplies than you think you will need.

Lybarger recommends bringing double the amount of supplies you would normally use. “If your child wears a pump or CGM, and you are going swimming, for example,” she said, “anticipate you might need to change the site more frequently.”
Because you will be out of your child’s normal routine, you will likely need to check blood glucose more often, so bring plenty of extra testing supplies. “You should be able to get a vacation override at the pharmacy to be able to fill a prescription before it would normally be due,” Lybarger explained. Pack extra batteries for a pump or meter, as well.
Bring a diabetic travel kit to be prepared for severe hypoglycemia and ketone strips to manage an illness if it happens. “You probably won’t need these, but you’ll be ready if you do,” Lybarger added.

2. Keep your supplies at the proper temperature.

“Make sure insulin is not exposed to extreme heat or cold,” Lybarger said. “Either extreme temperature can cause it to inactivate and it won’t work well.” Insulin can be kept cool using chemical coolants that last for 72 hours and can be reactivated with water. She recommends FRIO insulin cooling cases, available in a variety of sizes.

3. Pack supplies in your carry-on bag if flying.

You always want your supplies with you, not stuck in a cargo hold. You never know when luggage may get held up or sent to the wrong destination. “Some people keep duplicate supplies in two different bags, just in case one is lost,” Lybarger said. Place them in a clear, plastic container to aid in inspection.

4. Bring snacks in case of a hypo event.

Pack glucose tabs, gel or juice. Concentrated liquid glucose comes in a 2-ounce size that contains 15g, so it is a good alternative for a liquid source of glucose in a carry-on bag. If your liquid containers are larger than 3.4 ounces, you may be asked to remove them for inspection.
“Don’t forget to bring extra pre-measured snacks, such as crackers, to use after a low-blood glucose reading,” Lybarger said. “Pre-packaged snacks with a label are ideal, but you can package them yourself to save money. Just write the carb count on the bag.” Make sure you keep treatments for hypoglycemia readily accessible in your hotel room, too.
Keep your child hydrated throughout the day. Plain water is best, Lybarger added.

5. Place medical info on your child and with supplies.

Your child should wear a diabetic ID bracelet or necklace that includes emergency contact information. Keep a pharmacy label on insulin and other meds you’ve packed, Lybarger recommended. You don’t need to carry a letter from you physician, but you may want to print and carry a TSA Disability Notification Card if flying.

6. Here’s what you need to know about TSA screenings at the airport:

• Plan to allow two to three hours for getting through security to minimize stress.
• Prior to a screening, always inform the TSA officer that your child has diabetes and wears an insulin pump and/or sensor. Also, be sure to let the TSA officer know if your child has low blood glucose during the screening process.
• Insulin pumps and sensors can be worn through standard metal detectors but not through full-body airport scanners. You can request a pat down with visual inspection of your devices instead. “Consider discussing this possibility with your child prior to traveling,” Lybarger said.
• Don’t put your pump or CGM transmitter, receiver or sensor through any kind of baggage X-ray machine. Before your screening process, you may wish to remove these items and ask the TSA officer to perform a visual inspection of your devices and supplies.

7. Keep your child on a routine if possible.

Plan ahead with an itinerary and include time for breaks, blood glucose checks, meals and snacks. Lybarger explained, “If there is a significant time difference, consider setting a reminder (to your local time) of once-daily medications, such as basal insulin injections.” Talk to your diabetes team about other special considerations, such as basal programming of your pump, if you will be staying in a different time zone for more than a few days.

8. Consider calling ahead to the places you will visit.

If you’re heading to an amusement or water park, you might want to check to see if they offer special assistance passes for families with children who have diabetes or other chronic illnesses. They may also have valuable information to help make your day go as smoothly as possible.

http://www.mysouthernhealth.com/traveling-with-diabetes-child/

How a Low-Carb Diet Might Aid People With Type 1 Diabetes

From nytimes.com

Like many children, Andrew Hightower, 13, likes pizza, sandwiches and dessert.

But Andrew has Type 1 diabetes, and six years ago, in order to control his blood sugar levels, his parents put him on a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet. His mother makes him recipes with diabetic-friendly ingredients that won’t spike his blood sugar, like pizza with a low-carb, almond-flour crust; homemade bread with walnut flour instead of white flour; and yogurt topped with blueberries, raspberries and nuts.

Andrew’s diet requires careful planning — he often takes his own meals with him to school. But he and his parents say it makes it easier to manage his condition and, since starting the diet, his blood sugar control has markedly improved and he has not had any diabetes complications requiring trips to the hospital.

“I do this so that I can be healthy,” Andrew, who lives with his parents in Jacksonville, Fla., said of his diet. “When I eventually move out and go to college, I’m going to keep up what I’m doing because I’m on the right path.”

Most diabetes experts do not recommend low-carb diets for people with Type 1 diabetes, especially children. Some worry that restricting carbs can lead to dangerously low blood sugar levels, a condition known as hypoglycemia, and potentially stunt a child’s growth. But a new study published in the journal Pediatrics on Monday suggests otherwise.

It found that children and adults with Type 1 diabetes who followed a very low-carb, high-protein diet for an average of just over two years — combined with the diabetes drug insulin at smaller doses than typically required on a normal diet — had “exceptional” blood sugar control. They had low rates of major complications, and children who followed it for years did not show any signs of impaired growth.

The study found that the participants’ average hemoglobin A1C a long-term barometer of blood sugar levels, fell to just 5.67 percent. An A1C under 5.7 is considered normal, and it is well below the threshold for diabetes, which is 6.5 percent.

“Their blood sugar control seemed almost too good to be true,” said Belinda Lennerz, the lead author of the study and an instructor in the division of pediatric endocrinology at Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “It’s nothing we typically see in the clinic for Type 1 diabetes.”

The new study comes with an important caveat. It was an observational study, not a randomized trial with a control group. The researchers recruited 316 people, 130 of them children whose parents gave consent, from a Facebook group dedicated to low-carb diets for diabetes, called TypeOneGrit, then reviewed their medical records and contacted their medical providers.

While it was not a clinical trial, the study is striking because it highlights a community of patients who have been “extraordinarily successful” at controlling their diabetes with a very low-carb diet, said Dr. David M. Harlan, the co-director of the Diabetes Centre of Excellence at the UMass Memorial Medical Centre, who was not involved in the study. “Perhaps the surprise is that for this large number of patients it is much safer than many experts would have suggested.”

“I’m excited to see this paper,” Dr. Harlan added. . “It should reopen the discussion about whether this is something we should be offering our patients as a therapeutic approach.”

The authors of the paper cautioned that the findings should not lead patients to alter their diabetes management without consulting their doctors, and that large clinical trials will be necessary to determine whether this approach should be used more widely.

“We think the findings point the way to a potentially exciting new treatment option,” said Dr. David Ludwig, a co-author of the study and a pediatric endocrinologist at Boston Children’s Hospital who has written popular books about low-carb diets. “However, because our study was observational, the results should not, by themselves, justify a change in diabetes management.”

About 1.25 million Americans have Type 1 diabetes, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Managing the condition requires administering insulin throughout the day, especially when consuming meals high in carbs, which raise blood sugar more than other nutrients. Over time, chronically elevated blood sugar can lead to nerve and kidney damage and cardiovascular disease.

The standard approach for people with Type 1 diabetes is to match carb intake with insulin. But the argument for restricting carbs is that it keeps blood sugar more stable and requires less insulin, resulting in fewer highs and lows. The approach has not been widely studied or embraced for Type 1 diabetes, but some patients swear by it.

TypeOneGrit has about 3,000 members on Facebook who ascribe to a program devised by Dr. Richard Bernstein, an 84-year-old physician with Type 1 diabetes. His book, “Dr. Bernstein’s Diabetes Solution,” recommends limiting daily carb intake to about 30 grams, the amount in a sweet potato, large apple or two slices of whole wheat bread.

Dr. Bernstein argues that the fewer carbs consumed, the easier it is to stabilize blood sugar with insulin. He recommends foods like non-starchy vegetables, seafood, nuts, meat, yogurt, tofu and recipes made with soybean flour, sugar substitutes and other low-glycemic ingredients. His plan emphasizes protein intake, which he says is especially important for growing children.

Dr. Carrie Diulus, an orthopedic surgeon with Type 1 diabetes who follows a low-carb vegan diet, credits the Bernstein approach with helping her keep her blood sugar under control. “It allows me to perform complex spine surgeries without worrying about my diabetes because my blood sugar stays relatively stable,” said Dr. Diulus, who helped inspire the new study when researchers learned about her participation in the TypeOneGrit community.

The most striking finding of the new report was that A1C levels, on average, fell from 7.15 percent, in the diabetic range, to 5.67 percent, which is normal. The rate of diabetes-related hospitalizations also fell, from 8 percent before the diet to 2 percent after, including fewer hospitalizations for hypoglycemic seizures.

Those following the diet had increased LDL cholesterol, likely from consuming more saturated fat, which some experts said was potentially concerning and deserved further study. But other heart disease risk factors appeared favourable: They had high HDL cholesterol, the protective kind, and low triglycerides, a type of fat in the blood linked to heart disease.

Dr. Joyce Lee, a diabetes expert at the University of Michigan who was not involved in the study, said the findings were impressive and merited further follow-up, and that patients who wanted to explore a low-carb approach might do so while being monitored by their health care team. But she also noted that the patients in the new study were a “highly motivated” group, and that it would be difficult for many people to adopt the restrictive regimen they followed.

“The reality is that it’s really hard to do low-carb, given our cultural norms,” said Dr. Lee, a professor of pediatrics at the University of Michigan.

In an interview, Dr. Bernstein, a co-author on the paper, said it demonstrates what he sees in his practice: That there are diabetics on his regimen “who are walking around with normal blood sugars and they are happy about it, healthy, and growing if they are kids.”

Derek Raulerson, 46, a human resources manager in Alabama, agrees. Both he and his son, Connor, 13, have Type 1 diabetes. Mr. Raulerson said he struggled for years to control his blood sugar. But six years ago, he gave up juice, bread, potatoes and other simple carbs, and made protein and non-starchy vegetables the focus of his meals.

Since going low-carb, he said, he has lost weight, cut in half the amount of insulin he uses daily, and watched his A1C fall from the diabetic range to normal levels.

“I have normalized, steady blood sugars now,” he said. “I am no longer on the roller coaster.”

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/07/well/live/low-carb-diet-type-1-diabetes.html

Diabetes type 2: Switch to this colour milk at no extra cost to slash blood sugar levels

From express.co.uk

As soon as diabetes type 2 symptoms appear, you should see your GP.
Diabetes UK estimates that almost 3.7 million people suffer from diabetes in the UK, with 90 per cent having developed type 2 diabetes.
People are more at risk of developing the condition if they are overweight, have high blood pressure or have previously had a heart attack or stroke, among other factors.
Treatment includes changes to diet and lifestyle, focusing on exercising more regularly and eating more healthy foods.
Diabetes UK recommends that you should drink red topped, skimmed milk, to combat your condition.
“All of us, whether we have diabetes or not, need some dairy products,” says the charity on its website.
“Some dairy foods, however, can be high in saturated fat, so choose lower-fat alternatives where you can.”
The charity recommends switching to a lower fat milk if milk is already in your diet, with the red topped skimmed, or skim if you’re in the US, milk being best for sufferers.
This is because it contains the least amount of fats. If you have diabetes type 2, it is important to reduce fat consumption, as this can lead to your body receiving too many calories, causing weight gain and affecting diabetes control.
Red topped milk can be purchased from most UK supermarkets for the same price as other milks, including blue topped full fat milk.

"Switching to lower-fat milk, such as semi-skimmed milk (green top) from whole milk (blue top), which contains the most fat, is a good start,” said the charity.“To make even more of a difference, try one per cent fat milk (orange top) or even better skimmed milk (red top).
“Lower fat milk will have all the goodness of whole milk, including calcium, all you lose is the fat.”
They recommend that you should drink up to three portions of 190ml glasses a day, it this is your only source of dairy, which contains important calcium.
Skimmed milk contains about 0.1ml of fat for every 100ml, whereas one per cent, orange topped contains 1ml, semi-skimmed, green top, contains 1.8ml, and whole milk, blue top, contains 3.6ml.
Previous research has shown that diabetes type 2 can be reversed, if sufferers make changes to their lifestyle and diet.
“It is certainly possible to wake up the insulin producing cells of the pancreas by losing a substantial amount of weight,” said Professor Roy Taylor at Newcastle University.
He has previously led research into reversing this condition.
“This happens because the fat content in there pancreas decreases.
"Previous studies have shown that fat stops insulin release. The insulin producing cells recover their special function, and this continues providing fat is not allowed to accumulate.”

https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/955566/diabetes-type-2-symptoms-milk-red

How to Count Carbs? A Diabetes-Friendly Guide

From dlife.com

When you sit down to grab a snack or eat your meal, knowing the number of carbs in the food you eat goes a long way to help you manage your weight and also control your blood sugar levels. Carb counting is a popular meal planning option used for managing blood glucose levels. It is a method often used by people taking insulin twice or more times on a daily basis.
Carb counting is counting the number of carbohydrates you consume in grams and matching it to your insulin dose. Carb counting does not only give you more choice and flexibility while planning meals, but when rightly combined insulin and physical activity, it could help you keep your blood sugar levels in check.

Can Low-Carb Diet Help Manage Diabetes?

Several studies have confirmed that eating diets low in carbohydrate is great for treating diabetes just as it was being used as a standard treatment for diabetics even before the discovery of insulin in 1921. Low-carb diet seems to work well in the long run for people living with diabetes when they adhere to such diet. It can help lower the blood sugar levels for many years if properly combined with the right exercises.

 How Many Carbs Do I Need to Eat Daily?

Carbohydrate is also important for your health, but just that it has to be kept to a minimum for diabetic people. If you are diabetic and consume 2, 000 calories daily, you should have about 250 grams of complex carbohydrate included in it.
This is a simple way to go about that; eat roughly about 45 to 60 grams of carbs in each of your meal and 15 to 30 grams for snacks. While snacking may not be important for non-insulin users, it may be important for people using insulins or pills, so they don’t run the risk of low blood sugar. However, as a diabetic; either on insulin or not, your primary goal should be to make sure your blood sugar remains as steady as possible.

Which Carbs Raise Blood Glucose Levels?

It is a combination of starch, sugar, and fibre that makes up carbs in plant foods, but only the sugar and the starch components actually raise blood glucose. Fibres do not raise blood sugar levels because they are not broken down into glucose in the body; even in their soluble states.
Therefore, subtracting the fibre from the total carb content will leave you with the net or digestible carb content. An example is a cauliflower that contains 5 grams of carbs. 3 grams are fibre while it only has 2 grams net carb content.
However, sugar alcohols including maltitol, erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol which are often used as sweeteners for sugar-free candy can also raise the blood sugar levels.

 How Do I Carb Count?

Counting the carb content in your meals is not very difficult, and the following tips should be of great help to set you off.

By reading food labels

This is a great way to get adequate information about the carb content of your foods. However, you need to remember you need to focus on the net carb content rather than just the overall carb content as stated earlier. The two useful items on the label are the serving size and the total carbohydrate content.

• Check the serving size. Every information on the label is about the serving size; therefore if you will be eating about 2 or 3 servings, then you should know the information on the label will be triple with you.
• Check the grams of total carbohydrate and deduct the fiber content to get the net carb content

Portion sizing

With the help of a scale, you can weigh your potion against suggested serving size to be sure you are not consuming more or less than the stated portion. You can make use of certain household utensil like a tablespoon to measure out items like cereals. This allows you to be sure your cereals weighs x-grams, meaning you won’t have to weigh your food every time.

Using technology

• Internet: You can make use of the internet to check for the nutritional information of restaurant and café menus. However, these recipes can be tweaked from time to time, so it’s advisable you check regularly.
• Make use of nutritional books: Certain books such as ‘Carb & Cals’ has lots of photos of foods together with their nutritional information. Such books can be helpful to check the nutritional info on foods that don’t have them on the label.
• Online tools: There are also many online tools to help you with estimating portions. Such tools include the USDA tool and Supertracker where you can look up facts for foods that don’t contain a label such as vegetables and fruits. Other tools also include the EzManager Plus, Diabetes Pilot, NutriGenie, and CalorieKing.

http://dlife.com/how-to-count-carbs-a-diabetes-friendly-guide/

Diabetes: Switch to this yummy food to slash blood sugar levels

From express.co.uk

DIABETES can be present at birth, type 1 diabetes, or develop later in life, type 2 diabetes. It is caused by problems with the hormone insulin, meaning the body cannot remove enough sugar from the blood. Treatment often involves lifestyle and diet changes to combat blood sugar levels. You should switch to this to help control the condition.

Diabetes can develop in later life, type 2 diabetes, or appear shortly after birth, type 1 diabetes.
Risk factors for developing it in later life include increasing age, being overweight or having high blood pressure, among others.
The condition happens because the hormone insulin does not work properly, causing problems with controlling sugar levels in the bloodstream.
Treating this can involve diet and lifestyle changes, which can even cure the condition, according to a professor at Newcastle University.
Changing over to this breakfast food can help slash blood sugar, according to Diabetes UK.

The national charity recommends dumping cereal for porridge oats in the morning.
“Although the packaging may make some cereals - like granola and cereal clusters - appear healthy, they are often full of sugar and fat.”
“Instead, why not switch to porridge?”
“Porridge oats or the instant variety are both fine - just avoid those with added sugar, honey, golden syrup or cocoa powder.”
WebMD says that porridge is a good alternative as it is high in soluble fibre, helping with digestion, and is broken down more slowly, meaning that it won’t cause blood sugar to spike.

As well as switching to porridge, Diabetes UK also says that yogurt could be a good alternative.
“Yogurt can be a tasty alternative to cereal, but many low-fat yogurts are high in sugar. So why not try making your own flavoured yogurt?”
“Buy low-fat plain, Greek natural yogurt, or forage frail. You can add fresh fruit and a few nuts or seeds for some flavour.”
Diabetes.co.uk advises that taking precautions with breakfast as blood sugar levels may be highest in the morning.
“For people with diabetes, morning is usually the time of day with the highest blood sugar levels so a good breakfast choice will help to improve your control.”

Previous research by Professor Roy Taylor from Newcastle University, showed that changing your diet could even help cure the condition.
Publishing his findings, he said, “The good news for people with Type 2 is our work shows that even if you have had the condition for 10 years you are likely to be able to reverse it by moving that all important tiny amount of fat out of the pancreas.
“At present, this can only be done through substantial weight loss.”
He recommended diet change and regular exercise as ways to bring the condition under control.

https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/955098/diabetes-type-2-type-1-treatment-diet